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These translations were created in 2025, so that is the correct copyright year, even if the source material was created earlier.
716 lines
24 KiB
TeX
716 lines
24 KiB
TeX
% Reference Card for GNU Emacs
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% Copyright (C) 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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% Author: Stephen Gildea <stepheng+emacs@gildea.com>
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% Spanish translation: Elias Gabriel Perez <eg642616@gmail.com>
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% This document is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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% (at your option) any later version.
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% As a special additional permission, you may distribute reference cards
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% printed, or formatted for printing, with the notice "Released under
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% the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or later"
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% instead of the usual distributed-under-the-GNU-GPL notice, and without
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% a copy of the GPL itself.
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% This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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% GNU General Public License for more details.
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% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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% along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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% This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82).
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%
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% The final reference card has six columns, three on each side.
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% This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways:
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% 1 column per page
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% produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%.
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% This gives the best resolution.
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% 2 columns per page
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% produces three already-reduced pages.
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% You will still need to cut and paste.
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% 3 columns per page
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% produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a
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% ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card.
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% For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways.
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% Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage.
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%
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% To compile and print this document:
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% tex refcard.tex
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% dvips -t landscape refcard.dvi
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% Thanks to Cecilio Pardo, Mauro Aranda and Stephen Berman for
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% the suggestions.
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%**start of header
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\newcount\columnsperpage
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\newcount\letterpaper
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% This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page.
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% Specify how many you want here.
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\columnsperpage=3
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% Set letterpaper to 0 for A4 paper, 1 for letter (US) paper. Useful
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% only when columnsperpage is 2 or 3.
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\letterpaper=1
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% PDF output layout. 0 for A4, 1 for letter (US), a `l' is added for
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% a landscape layout.
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\input pdflayout.sty
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\pdflayout=(1l)
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% Nothing else needs to be changed below this line.
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\input emacsver.tex
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\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill
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\centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permissions on back.}}
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\def\copyrightnotice{
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\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small
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\centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
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\centerline{For GNU Emacs version \versionemacs}
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\centerline{Designed by Stephen Gildea}
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\centerline{Translated by Elias Gabriel P{\'e}rez}
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Released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or later.
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For more Emacs documentation, and the \TeX{} source for this card,
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see the Emacs distribution, or {\tt https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs}
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\endgroup}
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% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below
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% can be scanned without complaint.
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\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}
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\newdimen\intercolumnskip %horizontal space between columns
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\newbox\columna %boxes to hold columns already built
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\newbox\columnb
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\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage}
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\message{[\ncolumns\space
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column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]}
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\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1}
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% This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986.
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% Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent.
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\if 1\ncolumns %one-column format uses normal size
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\hsize 4in
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\vsize 10in
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\voffset -.7in
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\font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3
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\font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2
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\font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm
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\font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy
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\footline{\hss\folio}
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\def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}}
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\else %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size
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\hsize 3.2in
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\if 1\the\letterpaper
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\vsize 7.95in
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\else
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\vsize 7.65in
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\fi
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\hoffset -.75in
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\voffset -.745in
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\font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2
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\font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1
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\font\smallfont=cmr6
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\font\smallsy=cmsy6
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\font\eightrm=cmr8
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\font\eightbf=cmbx8
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\font\eightit=cmti8
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\font\eighttt=cmtt8
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\font\eightmi=cmmi8
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\font\eightsy=cmsy8
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\textfont0=\eightrm
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\textfont1=\eightmi
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\textfont2=\eightsy
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\def\rm{\eightrm}
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\def\bf{\eightbf}
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\def\it{\eightit}
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\def\tt{\eighttt}
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\if 1\the\letterpaper
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\normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip
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\else
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\normalbaselineskip=.7\normalbaselineskip
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\fi
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\normallineskip=.8\normallineskip
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\normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit
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\normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect
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\if 2\ncolumns
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\let\maxcolumn=b
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\footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss}
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\def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}}
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\else \if 3\ncolumns
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\let\maxcolumn=c
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\nopagenumbers
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\else
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\errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.}
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\errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page}
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\fi\fi
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\intercolumnskip=.46in
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\def\abc{a}
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\output={% %see The TeXbook page 257
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% This next line is useful when designing the layout.
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%\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark}
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\if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a}
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\else\if a\abc
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\global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b}
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%% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode)
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\global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{}
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\else
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\global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi}
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\def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
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\hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip
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\box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
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\makefootline}\advancepageno}
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\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
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\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject
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\if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
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\if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
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\end}
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\fi
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% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters
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% we might want to talk about
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\catcode`\^=12
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\catcode`\_=12
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\chardef\\=`\\
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\chardef\{=`\{
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\chardef\}=`\}
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\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer}
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\parindent 0pt
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\parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex
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\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip}
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% newcolumn - force a new column. Use sparingly, probably only for
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% the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway.
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\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject}
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% title - page title. Argument is title text.
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\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}
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% section - new major section. Argument is section name.
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\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
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\vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}%
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\vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}
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\newdimen\keyindent
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% beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be
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% indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group
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% definitions, will not.
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\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em}
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\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em}
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\endindentedkeys
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% paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment.
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% If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never
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% inserted. Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem.
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\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign}
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% \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example
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\def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}}
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% kbd - argument is characters typed literally. Like the Texinfo command.
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\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows
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% beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example.
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% typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved
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\def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup
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\obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt}
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{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
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\def\endexample{\endgroup}
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% key - definition of a key.
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% \key{description of key}{key-name}
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% prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd
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% form near the right margin.
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\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
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{\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
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\hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}}
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\newbox\metaxbox
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\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }}
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\newdimen\metaxwidth
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\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox
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% metax - definition of a M-x command.
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% \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name}
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% Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place
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% as \key starts the key name. (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.)
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\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize
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{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}%
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\hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil
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\kbd{#2}\hfil}}
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% threecol - like "key" but with two key names.
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% for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward.
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\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad
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&\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr}
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%**end of header
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\title{GNU Emacs: Tarjeta de referencia}
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\centerline{(para la versi{\'o}n: \versionemacs)}
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\section{Notaci{\'o}n de combinaciones de teclas}
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Las notaciones de combinaciones de teclas en Emacs, \kbd{C-x}
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es \kbd{Ctrl+X}; \kbd{M-x} es usualmente \kbd{Alt+X}; \kbd{S-x} es
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\kbd{Shift+X}; y \kbd{C-M-x} es \kbd{Ctrl+Alt+X}, etc.
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\section{Saliendo de Emacs}
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\key{minimizar (o suspender en la terminal)}{C-z}
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\key{cerrar Emacs}{C-x C-c}
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\section{Archivos}
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\key{{\bf abrir} un archivo en Emacs}{C-x C-f}
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\key{{\bf guardar} un archivo (en el disco)}{C-x C-s}
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\key{guardar {\bf todos} los archivos}{C-x s}
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\key{{\bf insertar} contenidos de otro archivo en este buffer}{C-x i}
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\key{remplazar archivo por otro}{C-x C-v}
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\key{guardar buffer a un archivo en especifico}{C-x C-w}
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\key{alternar el estado de solo-lectura del buffer}{C-x C-q}
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\section{Obtener Ayuda}
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El sistema de ayuda es simple. Teclee \kbd{C-h} (o \kbd{F1}) y siga
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las opciones. Si est{\'a} usted empezando, teclee \kbd{C-h t} para ir al
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{\bf tutorial}.
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\key{quitar ventana de ayuda}{C-x 1}
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\key{desplazarse por la ventana de ayuda}{C-M-v}
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\key{apropos: mostrar comandos que coinciden con una cadena caracteres (string)}{C-h a}
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\key{describir la funci{\'o}n asociada a una tecla}{C-h k}
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\key{describir una funci{\'o}n}{C-h f}
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\key{obtener informaci{\'o}n espec{\'i}fica del modo}{C-h m}
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\section{Recuperaci{\'o}n de errores}
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\key{{\bf abortar} acci{\'o}n o un comando ejecut{\'a}ndose}{C-g}
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\metax{{\bf recuperar} archivos perdidos}{M-x recover-session}
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\key{por cierre inesperado}{}
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\metax{{\bf deshacer} un cambio no deseado}{C-x u, C-_ {\rm o} C-/}
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\metax{restaurar buffer a su contenido actual}{M-x revert-buffer}
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\key{recentrar pantalla}{C-l}
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\section{B{\'u}squeda incremental}
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\key{buscar hacia adelante}{C-s}
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\key{buscar hacia atr{\'a}s}{C-r}
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\key{buscar una expresi{\'o}n regular}{C-M-s}
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\key{buscar inversamente una expresi{\'o}n regular}{C-M-r}
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\key{seleccionar anterior cadena de caracteres de la b{\'u}squeda}{M-p}
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\key{seleccionar siguiente cadena de caracteres de la b{\'u}squeda}{M-n}
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\key{salir de la b{\'u}squeda incremental}{RET}
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\key{deshacer efecto del {\'u}ltimo car{\'a}cter}{DEL}
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\key{abortar b{\'u}squeda actual}{C-g}
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Usa \kbd{C-s} o \kbd{C-r} de nuevo para repetir la b{\'u}squeda en cualquier posici{\'o}n.
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Si Emacs sigue buscando, \kbd{C-g} cancela solo la parte no coincidente.
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\shortcopyrightnotice
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\newcolumn
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\section{Movimiento}
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\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
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\threecol{{\bf entidad a trasladar}}{{\bf atr{\'a}s}}{{\bf adelante}}
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\threecol{car{\'a}cter}{C-b}{C-f}
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\threecol{palabra}{M-b}{M-f}
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\threecol{l{\'i}nea}{C-p}{C-n}
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\threecol{ir al comienzo de la l{\'i}nea (o hacia al final)}{C-a}{C-e}
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\threecol{oraci{\'o}n}{M-a}{M-e}
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\threecol{p{\'a}rrafo}{M-\{}{M-\}}
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\threecol{p{\'a}gina}{C-x [}{C-x ]}
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\threecol{expresi{\'o}n s (sexp)}{C-M-b}{C-M-f}
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\threecol{funci{\'o}n}{C-M-a}{C-M-e}
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\threecol{ir al comienzo del buffer (o hacia al final)}{M-<}{M->}
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}
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\key{desplazarse hacia la siguiente pantalla}{C-v}
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\key{desplazarse hacia la anterior pantalla}{M-v}
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\key{desplazarse hacia la izquierda}{C-x <}
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\key{desplazarse hacia la derecha}{C-x >}
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\key{desplazar l{\'i}nea actual hacia el centro, arriba o abajo}{C-l}
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\key{ir hacia una l{\'i}nea}{M-g g}
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\key{ir hacia un car{\'a}cter}{M-g c}
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\key{volver a la sangr{\'i}a}{M-m}
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\section{Cortar y Eliminar}
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\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
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\threecol{{\bf entidad a cortar}}{{\bf hacia atr{\'a}s}}{{\bf hacia adelante}}
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\threecol{car{\'a}cter (eliminar, no cortar)}{DEL}{C-d}
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\threecol{palabra}{M-DEL}{M-d}
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\threecol{l{\'i}nea (hasta el final)}{M-0 C-k}{C-k}
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\threecol{sentencia}{C-x DEL}{M-k}
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\threecol{expresi{\'o}n s (sexp)}{M-- C-M-k}{C-M-k}
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}
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\key{cortar {\bf regi{\'o}n}}{C-w}
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\key{copiar regi{\'o}n}{M-w}
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\key{cortar a la siguiente ocurrencia del {\it car{\'a}cter}}{M-z {\it car{\'a}cter}}
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\key{pegar de nuevo lo {\'u}ltimo que se cort{\'o}}{C-y}
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\key{remplazar pegado reci{\'e}n con lo {\'u}ltimo que se cort{\'o}}{M-y}
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\section{Selecci{\'o}n}
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\key{poner selecci{\'o}n aqu{\'i}}{C-@ {\rm o} C-SPC}
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\key{intercambiar la posici{\'o}n del cursor y de la selecci{\'o}n}{C-x C-x}
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\key{poner selecci{\'o}n {\it arg\/} {\bf palabras} delante}{M-@}
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\key{seleccionar {\bf p{\'a}rrafo}}{M-h}
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\key{seleccionar {\bf p{\'a}gina}}{C-x C-p}
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\key{seleccionar {\bf sexp}}{C-M-@}
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\key{seleccionar {\bf funci{\'o}n}}{C-M-h}
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\key{seleccionar todo el {\bf buffer}}{C-x h}
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\section{Buscar y Reemplazar}
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\key{remplazar interactivamente un texto (string)}{M-\%}
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% query-replace-regexp is bound to C-M-% but that can't be typed on
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% consoles.
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\metax{usando expresiones regulares}{M-x query-replace-regexp}
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Las respuestas v{\'a}lidas en el modo query-replace son:
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\key{{\bf remplazar} este, ve hacia el siguiente}{SPC {\rm o} y}
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\key{remplazar este, no te muevas}{,}
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\key{{\bf saltar} al siguiente sin remplazar}{DEL {\rm or} n}
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\key{remplazar todas las coincidencias restantes}{!}
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\key{{\bf volver} a la coincidencia anterior}{^}
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\key{{\bf salir} de query-replace}{RET}
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\key{editar recursivamente(\kbd{C-M-c} para salir)}{C-r}
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\newcolumn
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\section{M{\'u}ltiple Ventanas}
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Cuando dos comandos son mostrados, el segundo es un comando similar para
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un frame que para una ventana.
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||
{\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 0\wd0
|
||
\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
|
||
\threecol{eliminar todas las otras ventanas}{C-x 1\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 1}
|
||
\threecol{dividir ventana, por debajo y encima}{C-x 2\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 2}
|
||
\threecol{eliminar esta ventana}{C-x 0\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 0}
|
||
}}
|
||
\key{dividir ventana a la mitad}{C-x 3}
|
||
|
||
\key{desplazar otra ventana}{C-M-v}
|
||
|
||
{\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 0\wd0
|
||
\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
|
||
\threecol{cambiar cursor a otra ventana}{C-x o}{C-x 5 o}
|
||
|
||
\threecol{seleccionar buffer en otra ventana}{C-x 4 b}{C-x 5 b}
|
||
\threecol{mostrar buffer en otra ventana}{C-x 4 C-o}{C-x 5 C-o}
|
||
\threecol{buscar archivo en otra ventana}{C-x 4 f}{C-x 5 f}
|
||
\threecol{buscar archivo de solo-lectura}{C-x 4 r}{C-x 5 r}
|
||
\threecol{en otra ventana}{}{}
|
||
\threecol{abrir Dired en otra ventana}{C-x 4 d}{C-x 5 d}
|
||
\threecol{buscar etiqueta en otra ventana}{C-x 4 .}{C-x 5 .}
|
||
}}
|
||
|
||
\key{hacer la ventana m{\'a}s alta}{C-x ^}
|
||
\key{hacer la ventana m{\'a}s estrecha}{C-x \{}
|
||
\key{hacer la ventana m{\'a}s ancha}{C-x \}}
|
||
|
||
\section{Formato y Sangr{\'i}as}
|
||
|
||
\key{sangrar {\bf l{\'i}nea} actual (dependiente del modo)}{TAB}
|
||
\key{sangrar {\bf regi{\'o}n} (dependiente del modo)}{C-M-\\}
|
||
\key{sangrar {\bf sexp} (dependiente del modo)}{C-M-q}
|
||
\key{sangrar regi{\'o}n r{\'i}gidamente en {\it arg\/} columnas}{C-x TAB}
|
||
\key{sangrar para comentar}{M-;}
|
||
|
||
\key{insertar una nueva l{\'i}nea delante del cursor}{C-o}
|
||
\key{mover resto de la l{\'i}nea verticalmente hacia abajo}{C-M-o}
|
||
\key{eliminar l{\'i}neas en blanco alrededor del cursor}{C-x C-o}
|
||
\key{unir l{\'i}nea con la anterior (con arg, next)}{M-^}
|
||
\key{eliminar todos los espacios en blanco alrededor del cursor}{M-\\}
|
||
\key{poner exactamente un espacio en el cursor}{M-SPC}
|
||
|
||
\key{rellenar p{\'a}rrafo}{M-q}
|
||
\key{establecer la columna de relleno en {\it arg}}{C-x f}
|
||
\key{establecer el prefijo con el que comienza cada l{\'i}nea}{C-x .}
|
||
|
||
\section{Cambio de Case}
|
||
|
||
\key{poner la palabra en may{\'u}sculas}{M-u}
|
||
\key{poner la palabra en min{\'u}sculas}{M-l}
|
||
\key{poner la palabra con may{\'u}scula inicial}{M-c}
|
||
|
||
\key{poner la regi{\'o}n en may{\'u}sculas}{C-x C-u}
|
||
\key{poner la regi{\'o}n en min{\'u}sculas}{C-x C-l}
|
||
|
||
\newcolumn
|
||
\title{GNU Emacs: Tarjeta de referencia}
|
||
|
||
\section{El Minibuffer}
|
||
|
||
Las siguientes teclas est{\'a}n definidas en el minibuffer.
|
||
|
||
\key{completar tanto sea posible}{TAB}
|
||
\key{completar hasta una palabra}{SPC}
|
||
\key{completar y ejecutar}{RET}
|
||
\key{mostrar posibles candidatos}{?}
|
||
\key{recuperar la entrada anterior del minibuffer}{M-p}
|
||
\key{recuperar la entrada posterior del minibuffer o la predeterminada}{M-n}
|
||
\key{buscar hacia atr{\'a}s con regexp a trav{\'e}s del historial}{M-r}
|
||
\key{buscar hacia adelante con regexp a trav{\'e}s del historial}{M-s}
|
||
\key{abortar comando}{C-g}
|
||
|
||
Presiona \kbd{C-x ESC ESC} para editar y repetir el {\'u}ltimo comando que us{\'o}
|
||
el minibuffer. Presiona \kbd{F10} para activar los elementos de la barra del
|
||
men{\'u} en terminales de texto.
|
||
|
||
\section{buffers}
|
||
|
||
\key{seleccionar otro buffer}{C-x b}
|
||
\key{listar todos los buffers}{C-x C-b}
|
||
\key{eliminar un buffer}{C-x k}
|
||
|
||
\section{Transponiendo}
|
||
|
||
\key{transponer {\bf caracteres}}{C-t}
|
||
\key{transponer {\bf palabras}}{M-t}
|
||
\key{transponer {\bf l{\'i}neas}}{C-x C-t}
|
||
\key{transponer {\bf sexps}}{C-M-t}
|
||
|
||
\section{Revisi{\'o}n ortogr{\'a}fica}
|
||
|
||
\key{comprobar ortograf{\'i}a de la presente palabra}{M-\$}
|
||
\metax{comprobar ortograf{\'i}a de todas}{M-x ispell-region}
|
||
\metax{las palabras en la regi{\'o}n}{}
|
||
\metax{comprobar la ortograf{\'i}a de todo el buffer}{M-x ispell-buffer}
|
||
\metax{alternar la revisi{\'o}n ortogr{\'a}fica}{M-x flyspell-mode}
|
||
|
||
\section{Etiquetas (Tags)}
|
||
|
||
\key{buscar una etiqueta (una definici{\'o}n)}{M-.}
|
||
\metax{especificar un nuevo archivo}{M-x visit-tags-table}
|
||
\metax{de etiquetas}{}
|
||
|
||
\metax{buscar con regexp en todos los}{M-x tags-search}
|
||
\metax{archivos de la tabla de etiquetas}{}
|
||
\metax{ejecutar query-replace en}{M-x tags-query-replace}
|
||
\metax{todos los archivos}{}
|
||
|
||
\shortcopyrightnotice
|
||
|
||
\section{Shells}
|
||
|
||
\key{ejecutar un comando de shell}{M-!}
|
||
\key{ejecutar un comando de shell}{M-\&}
|
||
\key{asincr{\'o}nicamente}{}
|
||
\key{ejecutar un comando de shell en la regi{\'o}n}{M-|}
|
||
\key{filtrar regi{\'o}n a trav{\'e}s de un comando de shell}{C-u M-|}
|
||
\key{iniciar un shell en una ventana \kbd{*shell*}}{M-x shell}
|
||
|
||
\section{Rect{\'a}ngulos}
|
||
|
||
\key{copiar rect{\'a}ngulo al registro}{C-x r r}
|
||
\key{cortar rect{\'a}ngulo}{C-x r k}
|
||
\key{pegar rect{\'a}ngulo}{C-x r y}
|
||
\key{abrir rect{\'a}ngulo, desplazando el texto hacia la derecha}{C-x r o}
|
||
\key{poner rect{\'a}ngulo en blanco}{C-x r c}
|
||
\key{anteponer una cadena (string) a cada l{\'i}nea}{C-x r t}
|
||
|
||
\section{Abreviaturas (Abbrevs)}
|
||
|
||
\key{a{\~n}adir abreviatura global}{C-x a g}
|
||
\key{a{\~n}adir abreviatura local del modo}{C-x a l}
|
||
\key{a{\~n}adir expansi{\'o}n global}{C-x a i g}
|
||
\key{para esta abreviatura}{}
|
||
\key{a{\~n}adir expansi{\'o}n local del modo para est{\'a} abreviatura}{C-x a i l}
|
||
\key{expl{\'i}citamente expandir abreviatura}{C-x a e}
|
||
|
||
\key{expandir palabra anterior din{\'a}micamente}{M-/}
|
||
|
||
\section{Miscel{\'a}neos}
|
||
|
||
\key{inserci{\'o}n num{\'e}rica}{C-u {\it num}}
|
||
\key{inserci{\'o}n negativa}{M--}
|
||
\key{inserci{\'o}n citada}{C-q {\it car}}
|
||
|
||
\section{Expresiones regulares}
|
||
|
||
\key{cualquier {\'u}nico c{\'a}racter excepto una nueva l{\'i}nea}{. {\rm(dot)}}
|
||
\key{ninguna o m{\'a}s repeticiones}{*}
|
||
\key{una o m{\'a}s repeticiones}{+}
|
||
\key{ninguna o una repetici{\'o}n}{?}
|
||
\key{proteger car{\'a}cteres especiales}{\\}
|
||
\key{proteger car{\'a}cter especial de expresi{\'o}n regular {\it c\/}}{\\{\it c}}
|
||
\key{alternativos (``or'')}{\\|}
|
||
\key{agrupar}{\\( {\rm$\ldots$} \\)}
|
||
\key{agrupaci{\'o}n t{\'i}mida}{\\(?: {\rm$\ldots$} \\)}
|
||
\key{agrupaci{\'o}n numerada expl{\'i}cita}{\\(?NUM: {\rm$\ldots$} \\)}
|
||
\key{mismo texto del grupo n{\'u}mero {\it n\/}}{\\{\it n}}
|
||
\key{en el salto de palabra}{\\b}
|
||
\key{no en el salto de palabra}{\\B}
|
||
|
||
\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
|
||
\threecol{{\bf entidad}}{{\bf comienzo}}{{\bf final}}
|
||
\threecol{l{\'i}nea}{^}{\$}
|
||
\threecol{palabra}{\\<}{\\>}
|
||
\threecol{s{\'i}mbolo}{\\_<}{\\_>}
|
||
\threecol{buffer}{\\`}{\\'}
|
||
%% FIXME: "`" and "'" isn't displayed correctly in the output PDF file
|
||
|
||
\threecol{{\bf clase del c{\'a}racter}}{{\bf {\'e}stas}}{{\bf otras}}
|
||
\threecol{establecer expl{\'i}citamente}{[ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}{[^ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}
|
||
\threecol{car{\'a}cter de sintaxis de palabra}{\\w}{\\W}
|
||
\threecol{car{\'a}cter con sintaxis {\it c}}{\\s{\it c}}{\\S{\it c}}
|
||
\threecol{car{\'a}cter con categor{\'i}a {\it c}}{\\c{\it c}}{\\C{\it c}}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
\section{Caracteres internacionales}
|
||
|
||
\key{especificar idioma principal}{C-x RET l}
|
||
\metax{mostrar todos los m{\'e}todos}{M-x list-input-methods}
|
||
\key{de entrada}{}
|
||
\key{activar o desactivar el m{\'e}todo de entrada}{C-\\}
|
||
\key{establecer el sistema de codificaci{\'o}n para el siguiente comando}{C-x RET c}
|
||
\metax{mostrar todos los sistemas}{M-x list-coding-systems}
|
||
\key{de codificaci{\'o}n}{}
|
||
\metax{elegir el sistema de codificaci{\'o}n preferido}{M-x prefer-coding-system}
|
||
|
||
\newcolumn
|
||
\title{GNU Emacs: Tarjeta de referencia}
|
||
\section{Info}
|
||
|
||
\key{entrar al lector de documentaci{\'o}n de Info}{C-h i}
|
||
\key{buscar funci{\'o}n o variable especificada en Info}{C-h S}
|
||
\beginindentedkeys
|
||
|
||
Moverse dentro de un nodo:
|
||
|
||
\key{desplazarse hacia adelante}{SPC}
|
||
\key{desplazarse en reversa}{DEL}
|
||
\key{comienzo del nodo}{b}
|
||
|
||
Moverse entre nodos:
|
||
|
||
\key{{\bf siguiente} nodo}{n}
|
||
\key{nodo {\bf anterior}}{p}
|
||
\key{moverse por {\bf arriba}}{u}
|
||
\key{seleccionar un elemento del men{\'u}}{m}
|
||
\key{por el nombre}{}
|
||
\key{seleccionar el elemento {\it n\/} del men{\'u}}{{\it n}}
|
||
\key{por n{\'u}mero (1--9)}{}
|
||
\key{seguir referencia cruzada (regresar con \kbd{l})}{f}
|
||
\key{regresar al {\'u}ltimo nodo que viste}{l}
|
||
\key{volver al nodo de directorio}{d}
|
||
\key{ir al nodo superior del archivo Info}{t}
|
||
\key{ir a cualquier nodo por nombre}{g}
|
||
|
||
Otros:
|
||
|
||
\key{ir al {\bf tutorial} de Info}{h}
|
||
\key{buscar un tema en los {\'i}ndices}{i}
|
||
\key{buscar nodos para expresiones regulares}{s}
|
||
\key{{\bf salir} de Info}{q}
|
||
\endindentedkeys
|
||
|
||
\section{Registros}
|
||
|
||
\key{guardar regi{\'o}n en el registro}{C-x r s}
|
||
\key{insertar contenidos del registro al buffer}{C-x r i}
|
||
|
||
\key{guardar valor del cursor en el registro}{C-x r SPC}
|
||
\key{saltar al punto guardado en el registro}{C-x r j}
|
||
|
||
\section{Macros del teclado}
|
||
|
||
\key{{\bf comenzar} a definir una macro}{C-x (}
|
||
\key{{\bf terminar} la definici{\'o}n de la macro}{C-x )}
|
||
\key{{\bf ejecutar} {\'u}ltima macro definida}{C-x e}
|
||
\key{a{\~n}adir a la {\'u}ltima macro definida}{C-u C-x (}
|
||
\metax{nombrar {\'u}ltima macro definida}{M-x name-last-kbd-macro}
|
||
\metax{insertar macro como c{\'o}digo Lisp}{M-x insert-kbd-macro}
|
||
\key{en el buffer}{}
|
||
|
||
\copyrightnotice
|
||
\newcolumn
|
||
\section{Comandos para Emacs Lisp}
|
||
|
||
\key{evaluar {\bf sexp} antes del cursor}{C-x C-e}
|
||
\key{evaluar funci{\'o}n ({\bf defun}) actual}{C-M-x}
|
||
\metax{evaluar toda la {\bf regi{\'o}n}}{M-x eval-region}
|
||
\key{leer y evaluar en minibuffer}{M-:}
|
||
\metax{cargar una librer{\'i}a Lisp}{M-x load-library}
|
||
\key{desde {\bf load-path}}{}
|
||
|
||
\section{Personalizaci{\'o}n sencilla}
|
||
|
||
\metax{personalizar variables y caras}{M-x customize}
|
||
|
||
% The intended audience here is the person who wants to make simple
|
||
% customizations and knows Lisp syntax.
|
||
|
||
Creaci{\'o}n de combinaciones de teclas globales en Emacs Lisp (ejemplos):
|
||
|
||
\beginexample%
|
||
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c g") 'search-forward)
|
||
(global-set-key (kbd "M-\#") 'query-replace-regexp)
|
||
\endexample
|
||
|
||
\section{Escribiendo Comandos}
|
||
|
||
\beginexample%
|
||
(defun \<nombre-del-comando> (\<args>)
|
||
"\<documentaci{\'o}n>"
|
||
(interactive "\<plantilla>")
|
||
\<cuerpo-de-la-funci{\'o}n>)
|
||
\endexample
|
||
|
||
Un ejemplo:
|
||
|
||
\beginexample%
|
||
(defun mover-l{\'i}nea-a-la-parte-superior (l{\'i}nea)
|
||
"Reubicar l{\'i}nea a la parte superior de la ventana.
|
||
Con el argumento de prefijo L{\'I}NEA,
|
||
colocar el cursor en L{\'I}NEA."
|
||
(interactive "P")
|
||
(recenter (if (null l{\'i}nea)
|
||
0
|
||
(prefix-numeric-value l{\'i}nea))))
|
||
\endexample
|
||
|
||
La especificaci{\'o}n \kbd{interactive} dice como leer argumentos de
|
||
forma interactiva.
|
||
Presiona \kbd{C-h f interactive RET} para m{\'a}s detalles.
|
||
|
||
\bye
|
||
|
||
% Local variables:
|
||
% compile-command: "pdftex refcard"
|
||
% End:
|