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Apple changed the spelling of its operating system again, to "macOS",
effective with macOS 10.12 Sierra (2016-09-20). Change Emacs
documentation and comments to match this. Stick with older OS
spellings ("OS X", "Mac OS X") when talking about older releases where
the older names are more correct.
313 lines
12 KiB
Text
313 lines
12 KiB
Text
Copyright (C) 2008-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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See the end of the file for license conditions.
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This file contains information about GNU Emacs on "Nextstep" platforms.
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The Nextstep support code works on many POSIX systems (and possibly
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W32) using the GNUstep libraries, and on macOS systems using the Cocoa
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libraries.
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Background
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----------
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Within Emacs, the port and its code are referred to using the term
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"Nextstep", despite the fact that no system or API has been released
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under this name in more than 10 years. Here's some background on why:
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NeXT, Inc. introduced the NeXTstep API with its computer and operating
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system in the late 1980's. Later on, in collaboration with Sun, this
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API was published as a specification called OpenStep. The GNUstep
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project started in the early 1990's to provide a free implementation
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of this API. Later on, Apple bought NeXT (some would say "NeXT bought
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Apple") and made OpenStep the basis of Mac OS X, calling the API
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"Cocoa". Since then, Cocoa has evolved beyond the OpenStep
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specification, and GNUstep has followed it.
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Thus, calling this port "OpenStep" is not technically accurate, and in
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the absence of any other determinant, we are using the term
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"Nextstep", both because it signifies the original inspiration that
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created these APIs, and because all of the classes and functions still
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begin with the letters "NS".
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(See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nextstep)
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This Emacs port was first released in the early 1990's on the NeXT
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computer, and was successively updated to OpenStep, Rhapsody, Mac OS
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X, and then finally GNUstep, tracking GNU Emacs core releases in the
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meantime.
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Release History
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---------------
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1990-1992 1.0-3.0 (?) Michael Brouwer's socket/terminal communication
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based version (GUI ran as a separate process.)
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1993/10/25 3.0.1 Last (?) release of Brouwer version. Supports
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NeXTstep 3.x and below.
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1994/04/24 4.0 Carl Edman's version using direct API following
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the X-Windows port. NeXTstep 3.x only.
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1995/06/15 4.1 Second (and last) Carl Edman release, based on
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Emacs 19.28.
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1996/07/28 4.2 First Christian Limpach release, based on
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Emacs 19.29.
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?? 5.0 ??
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1997/12/?? 6.0b1 Ported to OpenStep by Scott Bender. Updated
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to Emacs 20.2.
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?? 6.0b2 (?) Scott Bender: ported to Rhapsody.
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1999/05/?? 6.0b3 Scott Bender: "OS X Server", Emacs 20.3.
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2001/06/25 7.0 Ported to Mac OS X (10.1) by Christophe de
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Dinechin. Release based on Emacs 20.7. Hosting
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moved to SourceForge.
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2002/01/03 7.0.1 Bug fixes.
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2002/08/27 7.0.2 Jaguar (Mac OS X 10.2) support. Added autoconf
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option for sys_nerr being in stdio. Added
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libncurses to the build libraries. Fixed a
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problem with ns-alternate-is-meta. Changed the
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icon color to blue, since Jaguar is yellow.
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2004/10/07 8.0-pre1 Ported to GNUstep by Adrian Robert.
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2004/11/04 8.0-pre2 Restored functionality on Mac OS X (menu code
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cleanup). Improved scrollbar handling and
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paste from other applications. File icons
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obtained properly from NSWorkspace. Dropped
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Gorm and Nib files. Background refresh bug
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fixed (in GNUstep). Various small fixes and
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code cleanups. Now starts up under Art.
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2005/01/27 8.0-pre3 Bold and italic faces supported. Cursor and
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mouse highlighting rendering bugs
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fixed. Drag/drop and cut/paste interaction
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w/external apps fixed. File load/save panels
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available. Stability and rendering speed
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improvements. Some ObjC and VC mode bugs fixed.
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2005/02/27 8.0-rc1 Dynamic path detection at startup so Emacs.app
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can be moved anywhere. Added binary packages
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and simplified source installation to running
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two scripts. Thorough cleanup of menu code;
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now fully functional. Fixed all detected
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memory leaks. Minor frame focus and title
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bugs fixed.
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2005/03/30 8.0-rc2 "Configure" info directory now uses dynamic
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path setting, so info files can go under .app.
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Improved select() handling and PTY fixes so
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shell mode and tramp run smoothly.
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Significant rendering optimizations under
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GNUstep, and now works under Art backend.
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Non-Latin text rendering works (but not
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fontsets), and LEIM is bundled. UTF8 is used
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for clipboard interaction.
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Arrow cursor now used on scrollbar.
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objc-mode and tramp now bundled in site-lisp.
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2005/05/30 8.0-rc3 Fixed bug with parsing of "easymenu" menus.
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Many problems with modes such as SLIME, MatLab,
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and Planner go away. Improved scrollbar
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handling and rendering speed. Color panel
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and other bug fixes. mac-fix-env utility.
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Font handling improvements (Mac OS X 10.3,
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10.4):
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- heed 'GSFontAntiAlias' default
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- heed system antialiasing threshold
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- added 'UseQuickdrawSmoothing' default to
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invoke less heavy antialiasing
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2005/07/05 8.0-rc4 Added a Preferences panel. Cleaned up
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rendering for synthetic italic fonts. Further
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improved menu parsing. Use system highlight
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color. Added previous- and next-mark history
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navigation commands bound to M-p,M-n.
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Miscellaneous bug fixes.
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2005/08/04 8.0-rc5 All internal string handling changed to UTF-8.
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This means menu items, color and color list
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names, and a few other things will now display
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properly. It does NOT mean UTF-8 filenames
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are displayed correctly in the minibuffer.
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Also relating to UTF-8, contents of files
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using this coding can now be displayed (though
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not auto-recognized; add extensions to your
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default coding alist). Limited mac-roman
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support was also added (also sans recognition).
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Certain characters are not displayed properly
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due to a translation problem. (UTF-8 based on
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work by Otfried Cheong; mac-roman from
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emacs-21.) Partial support for "dead-key"
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handling now added. Transparency (e.g., M-x
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set-background-color ARGB88FFFFFF) improved:
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only the background is made transparent.
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Cursor drawing glitches fixed. Preferences
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handling improved. Fixed some portability
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problems on Tiger and Puma.
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2005/09/12 8.0 Bundled ispell on Mac OS X. Minor bug fixes
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and stability improvements. Compiles under
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gcc-4.
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2005/09/26 8.0.1 Correct clipped rendering for synthetic
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italics. Include the info directory.
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Fix grabenv. Bundle whitespace package.
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2005/10/27 8.0.2 Correct rendering for wide characters during
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cursor movement. Fix bungled hack in ispell
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bundling.
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2005/11/05 9.0-pre1 Updated to latest Emacs CVS code on unicode-2
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branch (proposed to be released 2006/2007 as
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Emacs 23).
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2005/11/11 9.0-pre2 Fix crashes for deiconifying and loading
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certain images. Improve vertical font metrics
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(fixes inaccurate page up/down, window size,
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and partial lines). Support better remapping
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of Alt/Opt and remapping of Command. More
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insistent defaulting of scrollbar to right.
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Modest improvements to build process.
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2006/04/22 9.0-pre2a Stopgap interim release to sync w/latest
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unicode-2 CVS. Includes XPM and partial
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toolbar support.
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2006/06/08 9.0-pre3 Major upgrade to keyboard handling:
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system-selected compositional input methods
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should now work, as well as more keys /
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keyboards. XPM, toolbar, and tooltip support.
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Some improvements to scrollbars, zoom, italic
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rendering, pasting, Color panel. Added function
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ns-set-background-alpha to work around
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inability to customize with numeric colors.
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2006/12/24 9.0-rc1 Reworked font handling and text rendering to
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use Kenichi Handa's new font back-end system.
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Font sets are now supported and automatically
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created when a font is selected. Added recent
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X11 colors to Emacs.clr (remove
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~/Library/Colors/Emacs.clr to pick up). Added
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ns-option-modifier, ns-control-modifier,
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ns-function-modifier customization variables.
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Update menus to Emacs 21+ conventions. Right
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mouse button now generates mouse-3 events.
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Various bug fixes and rendering improvements.
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2007/09/10 9.0-rc2 Improve menubar, popup menu, and scrollbar
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behavior, let accented char entry work in
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isearch, follow system keymap for shortcut
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keys, fix border and box drawing, remove
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glitches in modeline drawing, support
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overstrike for unavailable bold fonts, fix XPM
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related crasher bugs. Incremental font
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metrics caching and other performance
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improvements. Shared-lisp builds now possible.
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2007/09/20 9.0-rc2a Interim release. New features: composed
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character display, colored fringe bitmaps,
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colored relief drawing, dynamic resizing,
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Bug fixes: popup menu position and selection,
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font width calculation, face color adaptation
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to background, submenu keyboard navigation.
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NOT TESTED ON GNUSTEP.
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2007/11/19 9.0-rc3 Integrated the multi-TTY functionality from
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emacs core (however, mixed TTY and GUI
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sessions are not working yet). Support 10.5.
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Give site-lisp load precedence over lisp and
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add a compile option to prefer an additional
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directory, use miniaturized miniwindow images
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in some cases, rename cursor types for
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consistency w/other emacs terms, improved font
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selection for symbol scripts.
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Bug fixes: fringe and bitmap, frame deletion,
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resizing, cursor blink, workspace open-file,
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image backgrounds, toolbar item enablement,
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context menu positioning.
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2008/07/15 (none) Merge to GNU Emacs CVS trunk.
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Contributors
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------------
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In addition to the folks listed in etc/AUTHORS responsible for GNU Emacs
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itself, the NeXTstep port owes to the following people:
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Carl Edman
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original author and maintainer, mainly UI
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Michael Brouwer
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heavy contributor, input handling and other areas
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Christian Limpach
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help / maintenance on NeXTstep
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Scott Bender
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OpenStep, Rhapsody ports
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Christophe de Dinechin
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macOS port
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Adrian Robert
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GNUstep port, update Emacs 20 -> 21+
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Joe Reiss
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popup menu, dialog boxes; icons
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Andrew Athan
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font panel integration
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Scott Byer
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improved rendering code
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Scott Hess
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keyboard handling suggestions
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Rahul Abrol
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"hide others" patch
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Adam Ratcliffe
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preferences panel documentation
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Peter Dyballa
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assistance with non-ASCII rendering and keyboard handling
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David M. Cooke
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fix to XPM crash bug
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Carsten Bormann
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initial patch and assistance getting dired working for non-ASCII filenames
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Andrew Moore
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assistance on ns-mark-nav extension
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The GNUstep port was made possible through the assistance of Adam
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Fedor, Fred Kiefer, M. Uli Klusterer, Alexander Malmberg, Jonas
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Matton, and Riccardo Mottola. Leigh Smith maintained the SourceForge
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project for a period.
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Suggestions from Darcy Brockbank, Timothy Bissell, Scott Byer, David
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Griffiths, Scott Hess, Eberhard Mandler, John C. Randolph, and Bradley
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Taylor all helped things along at one point or another. Axel Seibert
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and Paul J. Sanchez offered their time and machines to make a
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binary release possible.
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We would also like to thank a number of people who kept up the
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constant supply of bug reports, suggested features and praise: Hardy
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Mayer, Gisli Ottarsson, Anthony Heading, David Bau, Jamie Zawinski,
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Martin Moncrieffe, Simson L. Garfinkel, Richard Stallman, Stephen
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Anderson, Ivo Welch, Magnus Nordborg, Tom Epperly, Andreas Koenig,
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Yves Arrouye, Anil Somayaji, Gregor Hoffleit; and the few hundred
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other people on the mailing list from whom we didn't hear much, but
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the presence of which assured us that maybe this project was actually
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worth doing.
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This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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