diff --git a/mps/code/arena.c b/mps/code/arena.c index afdb815f232..7c0af5ffe86 100644 --- a/mps/code/arena.c +++ b/mps/code/arena.c @@ -238,7 +238,8 @@ Res ArenaInit(Arena arena, ArenaClass class, Align alignment, ArgList args) MPS_ARGS_ADD(liArgs, CBSFastFind, TRUE); MPS_ARGS_ADD(liArgs, CBSZoned, arena->zoned); MPS_ARGS_DONE(liArgs); - res = LandInit(ArenaFreeLand(arena), CBSLandClassGet(), arena, alignment, arena, liArgs); + res = LandInit(ArenaFreeLand(arena), CBSLandClassGet(), arena, + alignment, arena, liArgs); } MPS_ARGS_END(liArgs); AVER(res == ResOK); /* no allocation, no failure expected */ if (res != ResOK) @@ -310,9 +311,9 @@ Res ArenaCreate(Arena *arenaReturn, ArenaClass class, ArgList args) that describes the free address space in the primary chunk. */ arena->hasFreeLand = TRUE; res = ArenaFreeLandInsert(arena, - PageIndexBase(arena->primary, - arena->primary->allocBase), - arena->primary->limit); + PageIndexBase(arena->primary, + arena->primary->allocBase), + arena->primary->limit); if (res != ResOK) goto failPrimaryLand; @@ -704,10 +705,10 @@ static void arenaExcludePage(Arena arena, Range pageRange) } -/* arenaLandInsert -- add a block to an arena Land, extending pool if necessary +/* arenaLandInsert -- add range to arena's land, maybe extending block pool * - * The arena's Land can't get memory in the usual way because they are used - * in the basic allocator, so we allocate pages specially. + * The arena's land can't get memory in the usual way because it is + * used in the basic allocator, so we allocate pages specially. * * Only fails if it can't get a page for the block pool. */ @@ -722,7 +723,7 @@ static Res arenaLandInsert(Range rangeReturn, Arena arena, Range range) res = LandInsert(rangeReturn, ArenaFreeLand(arena), range); - if (res == ResLIMIT) { /* freeLand MFS pool ran out of blocks */ + if (res == ResLIMIT) { /* CBS block pool ran out of blocks */ RangeStruct pageRange; res = arenaExtendCBSBlockPool(&pageRange, arena); if (res != ResOK) @@ -730,7 +731,7 @@ static Res arenaLandInsert(Range rangeReturn, Arena arena, Range range) /* .insert.exclude: Must insert before exclude so that we can bootstrap when the zoned CBS is empty. */ res = LandInsert(rangeReturn, ArenaFreeLand(arena), range); - AVER(res == ResOK); /* we just gave memory to the Land */ + AVER(res == ResOK); /* we just gave memory to the CBS block pool */ arenaExcludePage(arena, &pageRange); } @@ -738,11 +739,11 @@ static Res arenaLandInsert(Range rangeReturn, Arena arena, Range range) } -/* ArenaFreeLandInsert -- add a block to arena Land, maybe stealing memory +/* ArenaFreeLandInsert -- add range to arena's land, maybe stealing memory * - * See arenaLandInsert. This function may only be applied to mapped pages - * and may steal them to store Land nodes if it's unable to allocate - * space for CBS nodes. + * See arenaLandInsert. This function may only be applied to mapped + * pages and may steal them to store Land nodes if it's unable to + * allocate space for CBS blocks. * * IMPORTANT: May update rangeIO. */ @@ -777,14 +778,14 @@ static void arenaLandInsertSteal(Range rangeReturn, Arena arena, Range rangeIO) /* Try again. */ res = LandInsert(rangeReturn, ArenaFreeLand(arena), rangeIO); - AVER(res == ResOK); /* we just gave memory to the Land */ + AVER(res == ResOK); /* we just gave memory to the CBS block pool */ } AVER(res == ResOK); /* not expecting other kinds of error from the Land */ } -/* ArenaFreeLandInsert -- add block to free Land, extending pool if necessary +/* ArenaFreeLandInsert -- add range to arena's land, maybe extending block pool * * The inserted block of address space may not abut any existing block. * This restriction ensures that we don't coalesce chunks and allocate @@ -812,7 +813,7 @@ Res ArenaFreeLandInsert(Arena arena, Addr base, Addr limit) } -/* ArenaFreeLandDelete -- remove a block from free Land, extending pool if necessary +/* ArenaFreeLandDelete -- remove range from arena's land, maybe extending block pool * * This is called from ChunkFinish in order to remove address space from * the arena. diff --git a/mps/code/cbs.c b/mps/code/cbs.c index 3e99e3ca195..37f597930a0 100644 --- a/mps/code/cbs.c +++ b/mps/code/cbs.c @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ SRCID(cbs, "$Id$"); #define CBSBlockSize(block) AddrOffset((block)->base, (block)->limit) +#define cbsLand(cbs) (&((cbs)->landStruct)) #define cbsOfLand(land) PARENT(CBSStruct, landStruct, land) #define cbsSplay(cbs) (&((cbs)->splayTreeStruct)) #define cbsOfSplay(_splay) PARENT(CBSStruct, splayTreeStruct, _splay) @@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ Bool CBSCheck(CBS cbs) { /* See .enter-leave.simple. */ CHECKS(CBS, cbs); - CHECKD(Land, &cbs->landStruct); + CHECKD(Land, cbsLand(cbs)); CHECKD(SplayTree, cbsSplay(cbs)); /* nothing to check about treeSize */ CHECKD(Pool, cbs->blockPool); @@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ static void cbsUpdateZonedNode(SplayTree splay, Tree tree) cbsUpdateNode(splay, tree); block = cbsBlockOfTree(tree); - arena = cbsOfSplay(splay)->landStruct.arena; + arena = LandArena(cbsLand(cbsOfSplay(splay))); zones = ZoneSetOfRange(arena, CBSBlockBase(block), CBSBlockLimit(block)); if (TreeHasLeft(tree)) @@ -740,7 +741,7 @@ static Bool cbsIterateVisit(Tree tree, void *closureP, Size closureS) cbsBlock = cbsBlockOfTree(tree); RangeInit(&range, CBSBlockBase(cbsBlock), CBSBlockLimit(cbsBlock)); cont = (*closure->visitor)(&delete, land, &range, closure->closureP, closure->closureS); - AVER(!delete); + AVER(!delete); /* */ if (!cont) return FALSE; METER_ACC(cbs->treeSearch, cbs->treeSize); @@ -1101,6 +1102,8 @@ static Res cbsDescribe(Land land, mps_lib_FILE *stream) " blockPool: $P\n", (WriteFP)cbsBlockPool(cbs), " fastFind: $U\n", (WriteFU)cbs->fastFind, " inCBS: $U\n", (WriteFU)cbs->inCBS, + " ownPool: $U\n", (WriteFU)cbs->ownPool, + " zoned: $U\n", (WriteFU)cbs->zoned, " treeSize: $U\n", (WriteFU)cbs->treeSize, NULL); if (res != ResOK) return res; diff --git a/mps/code/failover.c b/mps/code/failover.c index ca0d15cad1c..b5d7588480c 100644 --- a/mps/code/failover.c +++ b/mps/code/failover.c @@ -87,10 +87,8 @@ static Res failoverInsert(Range rangeReturn, Land land, Range range) LandFlush(fo->primary, fo->secondary); res = LandInsert(rangeReturn, fo->primary, range); - if (ResIsAllocFailure(res)) { - /* primary ran out of memory: try secondary instead. */ + if (res != ResOK && res != ResFAIL) res = LandInsert(rangeReturn, fo->secondary, range); - } return res; } @@ -118,11 +116,11 @@ static Res failoverDelete(Range rangeReturn, Land land, Range range) if (res == ResFAIL) { /* Range not found in primary: try secondary. */ return LandDelete(rangeReturn, fo->secondary, range); - } else if (ResIsAllocFailure(res)) { - /* Range was found in primary, but couldn't be deleted because the - * primary is out of memory. Delete the whole of oldRange, and - * re-insert the fragments (which might end up in the secondary). - * See . + } else if (res != ResOK) { + /* Range was found in primary, but couldn't be deleted, perhaps + * because the primary is out of memory. Delete the whole of + * oldRange, and re-insert the fragments (which might end up in + * the secondary). See . */ res = LandDelete(&dummyRange, fo->primary, &oldRange); if (res != ResOK) diff --git a/mps/code/fotest.c b/mps/code/fotest.c index bef621362d7..fd3011840b9 100644 --- a/mps/code/fotest.c +++ b/mps/code/fotest.c @@ -38,28 +38,37 @@ /* Accessors for the CBS used to implement a pool. */ -extern Land _mps_mvff_cbs(mps_pool_t); -extern Land _mps_mvt_cbs(mps_pool_t); +extern Land _mps_mvff_cbs(Pool); +extern Land _mps_mvt_cbs(Pool); /* "OOM" pool class -- dummy alloc/free pool class whose alloc() - * method always returns ResMEMORY */ + * method always fails. */ -static Res OOMAlloc(Addr *pReturn, Pool pool, Size size, - Bool withReservoirPermit) +static Res oomAlloc(Addr *pReturn, Pool pool, Size size, + Bool withReservoirPermit) { UNUSED(pReturn); UNUSED(pool); UNUSED(size); UNUSED(withReservoirPermit); - return ResMEMORY; + switch (rnd() % 4) { + case 0: + return ResRESOURCE; + case 1: + return ResMEMORY; + case 2: + return ResLIMIT; + default: + return ResCOMMIT_LIMIT; + } } -extern PoolClass PoolClassOOM(void); +extern PoolClass OOMPoolClassGet(void); DEFINE_POOL_CLASS(OOMPoolClass, this) { INHERIT_CLASS(this, AbstractAllocFreePoolClass); - this->alloc = OOMAlloc; + this->alloc = oomAlloc; } @@ -81,16 +90,17 @@ static mps_res_t make(mps_addr_t *p, mps_ap_t ap, size_t size) /* set_oom -- set blockPool of CBS to OOM or MFS according to argument. */ -static void set_oom(CBS cbs, int oom) +static void set_oom(Land land, int oom) { - cbs->blockPool->class = oom ? EnsureOOMPoolClass() : PoolClassMFS(); + CBS cbs = PARENT(CBSStruct, landStruct, land); + cbs->blockPool->class = oom ? OOMPoolClassGet() : PoolClassMFS(); } /* stress -- create an allocation point and allocate in it */ static mps_res_t stress(size_t (*size)(unsigned long, mps_align_t), - mps_align_t alignment, mps_pool_t pool, CBS cbs) + mps_align_t alignment, mps_pool_t pool, Land cbs) { mps_res_t res = MPS_RES_OK; mps_ap_t ap; @@ -180,8 +190,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) die(mps_pool_create_k(&pool, arena, mps_class_mvff(), args), "create MVFF"); } MPS_ARGS_END(args); { - CBS cbs = (CBS)_mps_mvff_cbs(pool); - die(stress(randomSizeAligned, alignment, pool, cbs), "stress MVFF"); + die(stress(randomSizeAligned, alignment, pool, _mps_mvff_cbs(pool)), + "stress MVFF"); } mps_pool_destroy(pool); mps_arena_destroy(arena); @@ -199,8 +209,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) die(mps_pool_create_k(&pool, arena, mps_class_mvt(), args), "create MVFF"); } MPS_ARGS_END(args); { - CBS cbs = (CBS)_mps_mvt_cbs(pool); - die(stress(randomSizeAligned, alignment, pool, cbs), "stress MVT"); + die(stress(randomSizeAligned, alignment, pool, _mps_mvt_cbs(pool)), + "stress MVT"); } mps_pool_destroy(pool); mps_arena_destroy(arena); diff --git a/mps/code/landtest.c b/mps/code/landtest.c index 4698a9f1aaf..e820eca517f 100644 --- a/mps/code/landtest.c +++ b/mps/code/landtest.c @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ * $Id$ * Copyright (c) 2001-2014 Ravenbrook Limited. See end of file for license. * - * The MPS contains two land implementations: + * The MPS contains three land implementations: * * 1. the CBS (Coalescing Block Structure) module maintains blocks in * a splay tree for fast access with a cost in storage; @@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ * 2. the Freelist module maintains blocks in an address-ordered * singly linked list for zero storage overhead with a cost in * performance. + * + * 3. the Failover module implements a mechanism for using CBS until + * it fails, then falling back to a Freelist. */ #include "cbs.h" @@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ #include "mps.h" #include "mpsavm.h" #include "mpstd.h" +#include "poolmfs.h" #include "testlib.h" #include @@ -479,13 +483,16 @@ extern int main(int argc, char *argv[]) void *p; Addr dummyBlock; BT allocTable; + MFSStruct blockPool; CBSStruct cbsStruct; FreelistStruct flStruct; FailoverStruct foStruct; Land cbs = &cbsStruct.landStruct; Land fl = &flStruct.landStruct; Land fo = &foStruct.landStruct; + Pool mfs = &blockPool.poolStruct; Align align; + int i; testlib_init(argc, argv); align = (1 << rnd() % 4) * MPS_PF_ALIGN; @@ -512,6 +519,8 @@ extern int main(int argc, char *argv[]) (char *)dummyBlock + ArraySize); } + /* 1. Test CBS */ + MPS_ARGS_BEGIN(args) { MPS_ARGS_ADD(args, CBSFastFind, TRUE); die((mps_res_t)LandInit(cbs, CBSLandClassGet(), arena, align, NULL, args), @@ -524,6 +533,8 @@ extern int main(int argc, char *argv[]) test(&state, nCBSOperations); LandFinish(cbs); + /* 2. Test Freelist */ + die((mps_res_t)LandInit(fl, FreelistLandClassGet(), arena, align, NULL, mps_args_none), "failed to initialise Freelist"); @@ -531,27 +542,46 @@ extern int main(int argc, char *argv[]) test(&state, nFLOperations); LandFinish(fl); - MPS_ARGS_BEGIN(args) { - MPS_ARGS_ADD(args, CBSFastFind, TRUE); - die((mps_res_t)LandInit(cbs, CBSLandClassGet(), arena, align, - NULL, args), - "failed to initialise CBS"); - } MPS_ARGS_END(args); - die((mps_res_t)LandInit(fl, FreelistLandClassGet(), arena, align, NULL, - mps_args_none), - "failed to initialise Freelist"); - MPS_ARGS_BEGIN(args) { - MPS_ARGS_ADD(args, FailoverPrimary, cbs); - MPS_ARGS_ADD(args, FailoverSecondary, fl); - die((mps_res_t)LandInit(fo, FailoverLandClassGet(), arena, align, NULL, - args), - "failed to initialise Failover"); - } MPS_ARGS_END(args); - state.land = fo; - test(&state, nFOOperations); - LandFinish(fo); - LandFinish(fl); - LandFinish(cbs); + /* 3. Test CBS-failing-over-to-Freelist (always failing over on + * first iteration, never failing over on second; see fotest.c for a + * test case that randomly switches fail-over on and off) + */ + + for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) { + MPS_ARGS_BEGIN(piArgs) { + MPS_ARGS_ADD(piArgs, MPS_KEY_MFS_UNIT_SIZE, sizeof(CBSBlockStruct)); + MPS_ARGS_ADD(piArgs, MPS_KEY_EXTEND_BY, ArenaAlign(arena)); + MPS_ARGS_ADD(piArgs, MFSExtendSelf, i); + MPS_ARGS_DONE(piArgs); + die(PoolInit(mfs, arena, PoolClassMFS(), piArgs), "PoolInit"); + } MPS_ARGS_END(piArgs); + + MPS_ARGS_BEGIN(args) { + MPS_ARGS_ADD(args, CBSFastFind, TRUE); + MPS_ARGS_ADD(args, CBSBlockPool, mfs); + die((mps_res_t)LandInit(cbs, CBSLandClassGet(), arena, align, NULL, + args), + "failed to initialise CBS"); + } MPS_ARGS_END(args); + + die((mps_res_t)LandInit(fl, FreelistLandClassGet(), arena, align, NULL, + mps_args_none), + "failed to initialise Freelist"); + MPS_ARGS_BEGIN(args) { + MPS_ARGS_ADD(args, FailoverPrimary, cbs); + MPS_ARGS_ADD(args, FailoverSecondary, fl); + die((mps_res_t)LandInit(fo, FailoverLandClassGet(), arena, align, NULL, + args), + "failed to initialise Failover"); + } MPS_ARGS_END(args); + + state.land = fo; + test(&state, nFOOperations); + LandFinish(fo); + LandFinish(fl); + LandFinish(cbs); + PoolFinish(mfs); + } mps_arena_destroy(arena); diff --git a/mps/code/mpmst.h b/mps/code/mpmst.h index 35684a52950..a36a9e7b8e8 100644 --- a/mps/code/mpmst.h +++ b/mps/code/mpmst.h @@ -701,8 +701,8 @@ typedef union FreelistBlockUnion *FreelistBlock; typedef struct FreelistStruct { LandStruct landStruct; /* superclass fields come first */ - FreelistBlock list; - Count listSize; + FreelistBlock list; /* first block in list or NULL if empty */ + Count listSize; /* number of blocks in list */ Sig sig; /* .class.end-sig */ } FreelistStruct; diff --git a/mps/code/poolmv2.c b/mps/code/poolmv2.c index 6baa0322a53..bbf57d586a0 100644 --- a/mps/code/poolmv2.c +++ b/mps/code/poolmv2.c @@ -385,9 +385,7 @@ static Bool MVTCheck(MVT mvt) CHECKD(Pool, &mvt->poolStruct); CHECKL(mvt->poolStruct.class == MVTPoolClassGet()); CHECKD(CBS, &mvt->cbsStruct); - /* CHECKL(CBSCheck(MVTCBS(mvt))); */ CHECKD(ABQ, &mvt->abqStruct); - /* CHECKL(ABQCheck(MVTABQ(mvt))); */ CHECKD(Freelist, &mvt->flStruct); CHECKD(Failover, &mvt->foStruct); CHECKL(mvt->reuseSize >= 2 * mvt->fillSize); @@ -402,8 +400,7 @@ static Bool MVTCheck(MVT mvt) if (mvt->splinter) { CHECKL(AddrOffset(mvt->splinterBase, mvt->splinterLimit) >= mvt->minSize); - /* CHECKD(Seg, mvt->splinterSeg); */ - CHECKL(SegCheck(mvt->splinterSeg)); + CHECKD(Seg, mvt->splinterSeg); CHECKL(mvt->splinterBase >= SegBase(mvt->splinterSeg)); CHECKL(mvt->splinterLimit <= SegLimit(mvt->splinterSeg)); } @@ -1257,6 +1254,10 @@ static Bool MVTReturnSegs(MVT mvt, Range range, Arena arena) } +/* MVTRefillABQIfEmpty -- refill the ABQ from the free lists if it is + * empty. + */ + static Bool MVTRefillVisitor(Bool *deleteReturn, Land land, Range range, void *closureP, Size closureS) { @@ -1275,9 +1276,6 @@ static Bool MVTRefillVisitor(Bool *deleteReturn, Land land, Range range, return MVTReserve(mvt, range); } -/* MVTRefillABQIfEmpty -- refill the ABQ from the free lists if it is - * empty. - */ static void MVTRefillABQIfEmpty(MVT mvt, Size size) { AVERT(MVT, mvt); @@ -1296,10 +1294,9 @@ static void MVTRefillABQIfEmpty(MVT mvt, Size size) } -/* Closure for MVTContingencySearch */ -typedef struct MVTContigencyStruct *MVTContigency; +/* MVTContingencySearch -- search free lists for a block of a given size */ -typedef struct MVTContigencyStruct +typedef struct MVTContigencyClosureStruct { MVT mvt; Bool found; @@ -1309,12 +1306,7 @@ typedef struct MVTContigencyStruct /* meters */ Count steps; Count hardSteps; -} MVTContigencyStruct; - - -/* MVTContingencyVisitor -- called from LandIterate at the behest of - * MVTContingencySearch. - */ +} MVTContigencyClosureStruct, *MVTContigencyClosure; static Bool MVTContingencyVisitor(Bool *deleteReturn, Land land, Range range, void *closureP, Size closureS) @@ -1322,7 +1314,7 @@ static Bool MVTContingencyVisitor(Bool *deleteReturn, Land land, Range range, MVT mvt; Size size; Addr base, limit; - MVTContigency cl; + MVTContigencyClosure cl; AVER(deleteReturn != NULL); AVERT(Land, land); @@ -1360,14 +1352,10 @@ static Bool MVTContingencyVisitor(Bool *deleteReturn, Land land, Range range, return TRUE; } -/* MVTContingencySearch -- search the free lists for a block of size - * min. - */ - static Bool MVTContingencySearch(Addr *baseReturn, Addr *limitReturn, MVT mvt, Size min) { - MVTContigencyStruct cls; + MVTContigencyClosureStruct cls; cls.mvt = mvt; cls.found = FALSE; @@ -1394,6 +1382,7 @@ static Bool MVTContingencySearch(Addr *baseReturn, Addr *limitReturn, /* MVTCheckFit -- verify that segment-aligned block of size min can * fit in a candidate address range. */ + static Bool MVTCheckFit(Addr base, Addr limit, Size min, Arena arena) { Seg seg; @@ -1423,12 +1412,10 @@ static Bool MVTCheckFit(Addr base, Addr limit, Size min, Arena arena) /* Return the CBS of an MVT pool for the benefit of fotest.c. */ -extern Land _mps_mvt_cbs(mps_pool_t); -Land _mps_mvt_cbs(mps_pool_t mps_pool) { - Pool pool; +extern Land _mps_mvt_cbs(Pool); +Land _mps_mvt_cbs(Pool pool) { MVT mvt; - pool = (Pool)mps_pool; AVERT(Pool, pool); mvt = Pool2MVT(pool); AVERT(MVT, mvt); diff --git a/mps/code/poolmvff.c b/mps/code/poolmvff.c index 818b4f932aa..a975d944cbb 100644 --- a/mps/code/poolmvff.c +++ b/mps/code/poolmvff.c @@ -748,12 +748,10 @@ static Bool MVFFCheck(MVFF mvff) /* Return the CBS of an MVFF pool for the benefit of fotest.c. */ -extern Land _mps_mvff_cbs(mps_pool_t); -Land _mps_mvff_cbs(mps_pool_t mps_pool) { - Pool pool; +extern Land _mps_mvff_cbs(Pool); +Land _mps_mvff_cbs(Pool pool) { MVFF mvff; - pool = (Pool)mps_pool; AVERT(Pool, pool); mvff = Pool2MVFF(pool); AVERT(MVFF, mvff); diff --git a/mps/design/cbs.txt b/mps/design/cbs.txt index ec597de1abd..1f5d2eafb39 100644 --- a/mps/design/cbs.txt +++ b/mps/design/cbs.txt @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ Document History ---------------- - 1998-05-01 Gavin Matthews. This document was derived from the - outline in design.mps.poolmvt_. + outline in design.mps.poolmv2(2). - 1998-07-22 Gavin Matthews. Updated in response to approval comments in change.epcore.anchovy.160040. There is too much fragmentation in diff --git a/mps/design/freelist.txt b/mps/design/freelist.txt index 680a143c1a5..7dd253ed720 100644 --- a/mps/design/freelist.txt +++ b/mps/design/freelist.txt @@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ exceed the recorded size of the list. _`.improve.maxsize`: We could maintain the maximum size of any range on the list, and use that to make an early exit from -``LandFindLargest()``. It's not clear that this would actually be an -improvement. +``freelistFindLargest()``. It's not clear that this would actually be +an improvement. diff --git a/mps/design/index.txt b/mps/design/index.txt index b14ed257d5f..41db91aa4b7 100644 --- a/mps/design/index.txt +++ b/mps/design/index.txt @@ -68,15 +68,15 @@ message_ MPS to client message protocol message-gc_ Messages sent when garbage collection begins or ends object-debug_ Debugging Features for Client Objects pool_ The design of the pool and pool class mechanisms -poolamc_ The design of the automatic mostly-copying memory pool class -poolams_ The design of the automatic mark-and-sweep pool class -poolawl_ Automatic weak linked -poollo_ Leaf object pool class +poolamc_ Automatic Mostly-Copying pool class +poolams_ Automatic Mark-and-Sweep pool class +poolawl_ Automatic Weak Linked pool class +poollo_ Leaf Object pool class poolmfs_ Manual Fixed Small pool class -poolmrg_ Guardian poolclass +poolmrg_ Manual Rank Guardian pool class poolmv_ Manual Variable pool class poolmvt_ Manual Variable Temporal pool class -poolmvff_ Manually Variable First-Fit pool +poolmvff_ Manual Variable First-Fit pool class prot_ Generic design of the protection module protan_ ANSI implementation of protection module protli_ Linux implementation of protection module