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Finish minor changes seen from DVI output.

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Replace 22.1.100 with 22.1.1.
(current-kill): Mention functions that directly or indirectly call
`kill-new', which sets `kill-ring-yank-pointer'.
(Understanding current-kill): Change `lasted' to `last'.  Remove
extraneous parenthesis.  Reword item about returning `car' of list.
(yank): Remove mention of `rotate-yank-pointer'.
(Y Axis Element): Add comment regarding replacement of blank space.
(print-Y-axis Penultimate): Explain that `print-graph' will pass
`height-of-top-line' so `print-Y-axis' does not have a bug.
This commit is contained in:
Robert J. Chassell 2006-11-06 15:09:06 +00:00
parent b03d27bdc1
commit 866560603a
2 changed files with 98 additions and 82 deletions
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159
lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi
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@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
@comment %**end of header
@set edition-number 3.05
@set update-date 5 November 2006
@set edition-number 3.06
@set update-date 6 November 2006
@ignore
## Summary of shell commands to create various output formats:
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
# makeinfo --no-split --paragraph-indent=0 --verbose emacs-lisp-intro.texi
makeinfo --paragraph-indent=0 --verbose emacs-lisp-intro.texi
## ;; (progn (when (bufferp (get-buffer "*info*")) (kill-buffer "*info*")) (info "/u/intro/emacs-lisp-intro.info"))
## ;; (progn (when (bufferp (get-buffer "*info*")) (kill-buffer "*info*")) (info "../info/eintr"))
## DVI output
texi2dvi emacs-lisp-intro.texi
@ -4705,7 +4705,7 @@ screen. To switch back to your current buffer, type @kbd{C-x b
@key{RET}}. (On some keyboards, the @key{META} key is labelled
@key{ALT}.)
@c !!! 22.1.100 tags table location in this paragraph
@c !!! 22.1.1 tags table location in this paragraph
@cindex TAGS table, specifying
@findex find-tags
Depending on how the initial default values of your copy of Emacs are
@ -4715,7 +4715,7 @@ interested in Emacs sources, the tags table you will most likely want,
if it has already been created for you, will be in a subdirectory of
the @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/} directory; thus you would use the
@code{M-x visit-tags-table} command and specify a pathname such as
@file{/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/TAGS}. If the tags table
@file{/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/TAGS}. If the tags table
has not already been created, you will have to create it yourself. It
will in a file such as @file{/usr/local/src/emacs/src/TAGS}.
@ -10095,7 +10095,6 @@ What does the @code{more-flowers} list now contain?
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@chapter Yanking Text Back
@findex yank
@findex rotate-yank-pointer
@cindex Text retrieval
@cindex Retrieving text
@cindex Pasting text
@ -10166,8 +10165,7 @@ like @code{insert}. We will stick with plain @code{insert} since it
is easier to understand.)
To begin to understand how @code{yank} and @code{yank-pop} work, it is
first necessary to look at the @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} variable
and the @code{rotate-yank-pointer} function.
first necessary to look at the @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} variable.
@node kill-ring-yank-pointer, yank nthcdr Exercises, Kill Ring Overview, Yanking
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@ -15278,15 +15276,15 @@ You can try this function by installing it in the usual fashion. Then
place your cursor after the following expression and type @kbd{C-x
C-e} (@code{eval-last-sexp}).
@c !!! 22.1.100 lisp sources location here
@c !!! 22.1.1 lisp sources location here
@smallexample
(lengths-list-file
"/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/emacs-lisp/debug.el")
"/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/emacs-lisp/debug.el")
@end smallexample
@noindent
(You may need to change the pathname of the file; the one here is for
GNU Emacs version 22.1.100. To change the expression, copy it to
GNU Emacs version 22.1.1. To change the expression, copy it to
the @file{*scratch*} buffer and edit it.
@need 1200
@ -15414,11 +15412,11 @@ These considerations lead us directly to the function itself:
name to the absolute, long, path name form. The function employs the
name of the directory in which the function is called.
@c !!! 22.1.100 lisp sources location here
@c !!! 22.1.1 lisp sources location here
@need 1500
Thus, if @code{expand-file-name} is called on @code{debug.el} when
Emacs is visiting the
@file{/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/emacs-lisp/} directory,
@file{/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/emacs-lisp/} directory,
@smallexample
debug.el
@ -15428,9 +15426,9 @@ debug.el
@noindent
becomes
@c !!! 22.1.100 lisp sources location here
@c !!! 22.1.1 lisp sources location here
@smallexample
/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/emacs-lisp/debug.el
/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/emacs-lisp/debug.el
@end smallexample
The only other new element of this function definition is the as yet
@ -15519,13 +15517,13 @@ in their customary places. To change the expressions, copy them to
the @file{*scratch*} buffer, edit them, and then evaluate them.
The results are shown after the @samp{@result{}}. (These results are
for files from Emacs Version 22.1.100; files from other versions of
for files from Emacs Version 22.1.1; files from other versions of
Emacs may produce different results.)
@c !!! 22.1.100 lisp sources location here
@c !!! 22.1.1 lisp sources location here
@smallexample
@group
(cd "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/")
(cd "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/")
(lengths-list-file "./lisp/macros.el")
@result{} (283 263 480 90)
@ -15724,7 +15722,7 @@ for symbolic link (the string is the name linked to), or @code{nil}.
For example, the first @samp{.el} file in the @file{lisp/} directory
is @file{abbrev.el}. Its name is
@file{/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/abbrev.el} and it is not a
@file{/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/abbrev.el} and it is not a
directory or a symbolic link.
@need 1000
@ -15824,11 +15822,11 @@ using @code{append} as the combiner.
(directory-files "/usr/local/src/emacs/lisp/" t "\\.el$")
(shell-command "find /usr/local/src/emacs/lisp/ -name '*.el'")
(directory-files "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/" t "\\.el$")
(shell-command "find /usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/ -name '*.el'")
(directory-files "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/" t "\\.el$")
(shell-command "find /usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/ -name '*.el'")
@end ignore
@c /usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/
@c /usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/
@need 800
Here is the function:
@ -15840,7 +15838,7 @@ Here is the function:
;; Although the function will be used non-interactively,
;; it will be easier to test if we make it interactive.
;; The directory will have a name such as
;; "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/"
;; "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/"
(interactive "DDirectory name: ")
@end group
@group
@ -15885,7 +15883,7 @@ Here is the function:
@end smallexample
@c (files-in-below-directory "/usr/local/src/emacs/lisp/")
@c (files-in-below-directory "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/")
@c (files-in-below-directory "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/")
The @code{files-in-below-directory} @code{directory-files} function
takes one argument, the name of a directory.
@ -15895,11 +15893,11 @@ Thus, on my system,
@c (length (files-in-below-directory "/usr/local/src/emacs/lisp/"))
@c !!! 22.1.100 lisp sources location here
@c !!! 22.1.1 lisp sources location here
@smallexample
@group
(length
(files-in-below-directory "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/"))
(files-in-below-directory "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/"))
@end group
@end smallexample
@ -15914,7 +15912,7 @@ like this:
@smallexample
@group
(sort
(files-in-below-directory "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.100/lisp/")
(files-in-below-directory "/usr/local/share/emacs/22.1.1/lisp/")
'string-lessp)
@end group
@end smallexample
@ -19116,18 +19114,10 @@ it with @kbd{M-w}.
(In a read-only buffer, such as the @file{*info*} buffer, the kill
command, @kbd{C-k} (@code{kill-line}), will not remove the text,
merely copy it to the kill ring. However, your machine may beep at
you. (@code{kill-line} calls @code{kill-region}.) Alternatively, for
silence, you may copy the region of each line with the @kbd{M-w}
(@code{kill-ring-save}) command. You must mark each line for this
command to succeed, but it does not matter at which end you put point
or mark.)
@ignore
@c texi2dvi fails when the name of the section is within ifnottex ...
For a discussion of how @code{condition-case} deals with error, see
@ref{Complete kill-region, , The Complete @code{kill-region}
Definition}.
@end ignore
you. Alternatively, for silence, you may copy the region of each line
with the @kbd{M-w} (@code{kill-ring-save}) command. You must mark
each line for this command to succeed, but it does not matter at which
end you put point or mark.)
@need 1250
@noindent
@ -19188,7 +19178,10 @@ To return to the old value for the length of the kill ring, evaluate:
The @code{current-kill} function changes the element in the kill ring
to which @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} points. (Also, the
@code{kill-new} function sets @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} to point
to the latest element of the the kill ring.)
to the latest element of the the kill ring. The @code{kill-new}
function is used directly or indirectly by @code{kill-append},
@code{copy-region-as-kill}, @code{kill-ring-save}, @code{kill-line},
and @code{kill-region}.)
@need 1500
The @code{current-kill} function is used by @code{yank} and by
@ -19231,11 +19224,11 @@ yanking point; just return the Nth kill forward."
@end group
@end smallexample
In addition, the @code{kill-new} function sets
Remember also that the @code{kill-new} function sets
@code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} to the latest element of the the kill
ring. And indirectly so does @code{kill-append}, since it calls
@code{kill-new}. In addition, @code{kill-region} and @code{kill-line}
call the @code{kill-new} function.
ring, which means that all the functions that call it set the value
indirectly: @code{kill-append}, @code{copy-region-as-kill},
@code{kill-ring-save}, @code{kill-line}, and @code{kill-region}.
@need 1500
Here is the line in @code{kill-new}, which is explained in
@ -19278,7 +19271,7 @@ within the bounds of this function. This variable is called
@code{interprogram-paste} and is for copying to another program. It
is not for copying within this instance of GNU Emacs. Most window
systems provide a facility for interprogram pasting. Sadly, that
facility usually provides only for the lasted element. Most windowing
facility usually provides only for the last element. Most windowing
systems have not adopted a ring of many possibilities, even though
Emacs has provided it for decades.
@ -19288,7 +19281,7 @@ The @code{if} expression has two parts, one if there exists
@need 2000
Let us consider the `if not' or else-part of the @code{current-kill}
function. (The then-part uses the the @code{kill-new} function, which
we have already described. (@xref{kill-new function, , The
we have already described. @xref{kill-new function, , The
@code{kill-new} function}.)
@smallexample
@ -19309,7 +19302,8 @@ The code first checks whether the kill ring has content; otherwise it
signals an error.
@need 1000
Note that the @code{or} expression is very similar to writing
Note that the @code{or} expression is very similar to testing length
with an @code{if}:
@findex zerop
@findex error
@ -19332,7 +19326,7 @@ true if the value it is testing is zero. When @code{zerop} tests
true, the then-part of the @code{if} is evaluated. The then-part is a
list starting with the function @code{error}, which is a function that
is similar to the @code{message} function
(@pxref{message, , The @code{message} Function}), in that
(@pxref{message, , The @code{message} Function}) in that
it prints a one-line message in the echo area. However, in addition
to printing a message, @code{error} also stops evaluation of the
function within which it is embedded. This means that the rest of the
@ -19344,8 +19338,8 @@ rotates and on where @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} points.
Next, either the optional @code{do-not-move} argument is true or the
current value of @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} is set to point to the
list, the first element of which is returned even if the
@code{do-not-move} argument is true.
list. Finally, another expression returns the first element of the
list even if the @code{do-not-move} argument is true.
@menu
* Digression concerning error::
@ -19472,7 +19466,8 @@ following:
@smallexample
@group
;; kill-ring-yank-pointer @r{and} kill-ring @r{have a length of four}
(nthcdr (mod (- 0 4) 4) ; (mod -4 4) @result{} 0
;; @r{and} (mod (- 0 4) 4) @result{} 0
(nthcdr (mod (- 0 4) 4)
'("fourth line of text"
"third line"
"second piece of text"
@ -19517,8 +19512,12 @@ them in an argument list (and within expressions called by them).
@findex yank
After learning about @code{current-kill}, the code for the
@code{yank} function is almost easy. It has only one tricky part, which is
the computation of the argument to be passed to @code{rotate-yank-pointer}.
@code{yank} function is almost easy.
The @code{yank} function does not use the
@code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} variable directly. It calls
@code{insert-for-yank} which calls @code{current-kill} which sets the
@code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} variable.
@need 1250
The code looks like this:
@ -19573,21 +19572,23 @@ The key expression is @code{insert-for-yank}, which inserts the string
returned by @code{current-kill}, but removes some text properties from
it.
However, before getting to that expression, the function set the value
However, before getting to that expression, the function sets the value
of @code{yank-window-start} to the position returned by the
@code{(window-start)} expression, the position at which the display
currently starts. It also set @code{this-command} and pushed the
mark.
currently starts. The @code{yank} function also sets
@code{this-command} and pushes the mark.
After it yanks the appropriate element, if the optional argument is a
@sc{cons} rather than a number or nothing, put point at beginning of
the yanked text and mark at its end. (The @code{prog1} function is
like @code{progn} but returns the value of its first argument rather
than the value of its last argument. Its first argument is forced to
return the buffer's mark as an integer. You can see the documentation
for these functions by placing point over them in this buffer and then
typing @kbd{C-h f} (@code{describe-function}) followed by a @kbd{RET};
the default is the function.)
@sc{cons} rather than a number or nothing, it puts point at beginning
of the yanked text and mark at its end.
(The @code{prog1} function is like @code{progn} but returns the value
of its first argument rather than the value of its last argument. Its
first argument is forced to return the buffer's mark as an integer.
You can see the documentation for these functions by placing point
over them in this buffer and then typing @kbd{C-h f}
(@code{describe-function}) followed by a @kbd{RET}; the default is the
function.)
The last part of the function tells what to do when it succeeds.
@ -19597,8 +19598,8 @@ The last part of the function tells what to do when it succeeds.
@findex yank-pop
After understanding @code{yank} and @code{current-kill}, you know how
to approach the @code{yank-pop} function Leaving out the documentation
to save space, it looks like this:
to approach the @code{yank-pop} function. Leaving out the
documentation to save space, it looks like this:
@c GNU Emacs 22
@smallexample
@ -19645,8 +19646,9 @@ to save space, it looks like this:
The function is interactive with a small @samp{p} so the prefix
argument is processed and passed to the function. The command can
only be used after a previous yank; otherwise an error message is
sent. This check uses the variable @code{last-command} which is
set by @code{yank} and is discussed elsewhere. (@xref{copy-region-as-kill}.)
sent. This check uses the variable @code{last-command} which is set
by @code{yank} and is discussed elsewhere.
(@xref{copy-region-as-kill}.)
The @code{let} clause sets the variable @code{before} to true or false
depending whether point is before or after mark and then the region
@ -20138,7 +20140,8 @@ will be and the second is a symbol for the character to insert, in a
special format. The format is a question mark followed by a blank
space, like this, @samp{? }. @xref{Character Type, , Character Type,
elisp, The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, for a description of the
syntax for characters.
syntax for characters. (Of course, you might want to replace the
blank space by some other character @dots{} You know what to do.)
The @code{number-to-string} function is used in the concatenation
expression, to convert the number to a string that is concatenated
@ -20261,10 +20264,10 @@ with @kbd{C-y} (@code{yank)}.
Press @key{RET} to evaluate the expression.
@end enumerate
Emacs will print labels vertically, the top one being
@w{@samp{10 -@w{ }}}. (The @code{print-graph} function
will pass the value of @code{height-of-top-line}, which
in this case would end up as 15.)
Emacs will print labels vertically, the top one being @w{@samp{10 -@w{
}}}. (The @code{print-graph} function will pass the value of
@code{height-of-top-line}, which in this case will end up as 15,
thereby getting rid of what might appear as a bug.)
@need 2000
@node print-X-axis, Print Whole Graph, print-Y-axis, Full Graph
@ -20347,11 +20350,11 @@ the tic marks themselves and their spacing:
@noindent
(Note that the value of @code{graph-blank} is set by another
@code{defvar}. The @code{boundp} predicate checks whether it has
already been set; @code{boundp} returns @code{nil} if it has not.
If @code{graph-blank} were unbound and we did not use this conditional
construction, in GNU Emacs 21, we would enter the debugger and see an
error message saying
@samp{@w{Debugger entered--Lisp error:} @w{(void-variable graph-blank)}}.)
already been set; @code{boundp} returns @code{nil} if it has not. If
@code{graph-blank} were unbound and we did not use this conditional
construction, in a recent GNU Emacs, we would enter the debugger and
see an error message saying @samp{@w{Debugger entered--Lisp error:}
@w{(void-variable graph-blank)}}.)
@need 1200
Here is the @code{defvar} for @code{X-axis-tic-symbol}: