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Brief overview of the mps.
Copied from Perforce Change: 180000 ServerID: perforce.ravenbrook.com
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Gareth Rees
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4 changed files with 535 additions and 14 deletions
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mps/manual/source/diagrams/overview.svg
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mps/manual/source/diagrams/overview.svg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 17 KiB |
|
|
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
|||
.. highlight:: none
|
||||
|
||||
.. _guide-debug:
|
||||
|
||||
Debugging with the Memory Pool System
|
||||
|
|
@ -17,8 +19,8 @@ delayed. And even if it does die, the space it occupies may not be
|
|||
re-allocated for some time.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
General advice
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
General debugging advice
|
||||
------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
1. Compile with debugging information turned on (``-g`` on the GCC or
|
||||
Clang command line).
|
||||
|
|
@ -43,15 +45,34 @@ General advice
|
|||
|
||||
.. _address space layout randomization: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_space_layout_randomization
|
||||
|
||||
4. Run your test case inside the debugger. Use ``assert`` or ``abort``
|
||||
in your error handler (rather than ``exit``) so that you can enter
|
||||
the debugger with the contents of the control stack available for
|
||||
inspection.
|
||||
A fact that assists with reproducibility is that the more frequently
|
||||
the collector runs, the sooner and more reliably errors are
|
||||
discovered. So if you have a bug that's hard to reproduce, you may
|
||||
be able to provoke it more reliably by having a mode for testing in
|
||||
which you run frequent collections (by calling
|
||||
:c:func:`mps_arena_collect` followed by
|
||||
:c:func:`mps_arena_release`), perhaps as frequently as every
|
||||
allocation.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Run your test case inside the debugger. Use ``assert`` and
|
||||
``abort`` in your error handler (rather than ``exit``) so that you
|
||||
can enter the debugger with the contents of the control stack
|
||||
available for inspection.
|
||||
|
||||
You may need to make sure that the debugger isn't entered on
|
||||
:term:`barrier (1)` hits (because the MPS uses barriers to protect
|
||||
parts of memory). In GDB, use these commands::
|
||||
|
||||
(gdb) set dont-handle-bad-access 1
|
||||
(gdb) handle SIGBUS nostop
|
||||
|
||||
Add them to your ``.gdbinit`` if appropriate.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _guide-debug-underscanning:
|
||||
|
||||
Underscanning
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
Example: underscanning
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
An easy mistake to make is to omit to :term:`fix` a :term:`reference`
|
||||
when :term:`scanning <scan>` a :term:`formatted object`. For example,
|
||||
|
|
@ -75,8 +96,6 @@ end up pointing to the start of a valid object (but the wrong one), or
|
|||
to the middle of a valid object, or to an unused region of memory, or
|
||||
into an MPS internal control structure.
|
||||
|
||||
.. highlight:: none
|
||||
|
||||
The reproducible test case is simple. Run a garbage collection by
|
||||
calling ``(gc)`` and then evaluate any expression::
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -160,6 +179,8 @@ up to the detection of the error, and in order to enable you to do
|
|||
that, the MPS provides its :ref:`topic-telemetry` feature.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _guide-debug-telemetry:
|
||||
|
||||
Telemetry
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -238,10 +259,13 @@ There are no events related to this address, so in particular this
|
|||
address was never fixed.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Getting the size wrong
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
.. _guide-debug-size:
|
||||
|
||||
Here's another kind of mistake: an off-by-one error in ``make_string``:
|
||||
Example: allocating with wrong size
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Here's another kind of mistake: an off-by-one error in ``make_string``
|
||||
leading to the allocation of string objects with the wrong size:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: c
|
||||
:emphasize-lines: 5
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ Guide
|
|||
build
|
||||
overview
|
||||
lang
|
||||
perf
|
||||
debug
|
||||
perf
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -3,4 +3,50 @@
|
|||
Overview of the Memory Pool System
|
||||
==================================
|
||||
|
||||
The figure below gives a (simplified) picture of a program's memory
|
||||
from the point of view of the Memory Pool System.
|
||||
|
||||
.. figure:: ../diagrams/overview.svg
|
||||
:align: center
|
||||
:alt: Diagram: Overview of the Memory Pool System.
|
||||
|
||||
Overview of the Memory Pool System.
|
||||
|
||||
The :term:`arena` is the top-level data structure in the MPS. An arena
|
||||
is responsible for requesting :term:`memory (3)` from the operating
|
||||
system (and returning it), making memory available to :term:`pools
|
||||
<pool>`, and for :term:`garbage collection`. It's best to have only
|
||||
one arena in your program, because the MPS can't collect cyclic
|
||||
structures that span multiple arenas, but multiple arenas are
|
||||
supported. (See :ref:`topic-arena`.)
|
||||
|
||||
Within the arena you create one or more :term:`pools <pool>`. A pool
|
||||
is responsible for requesting memory from the :term:`arena` and making
|
||||
it available to your program. (See :ref:`topic-pool`.)
|
||||
|
||||
Pools belong to :term:`pool classes <pool class>` that specify
|
||||
policies for how their memory is managed. Some pools are
|
||||
:term:`manually managed <manual memory management>` (you must call
|
||||
:c:func:`mps_free` to return a block of memory to the pool) and others
|
||||
are :term:`automatically managed <automatic memory management>` (the
|
||||
:term:`garbage collector` reclaims :term:`unreachable`
|
||||
blocks). Automatically managed pools need you to tell them how to find
|
||||
:term:`references <reference>` to allocated blocks. (See
|
||||
:ref:`topic-format`.)
|
||||
|
||||
The MPS is designed to work with multi-threaded programs. Functions in
|
||||
the C interface are thread safe, except in a few documented
|
||||
cases. (See :ref:`topic-thread`.) The :term:`allocation point
|
||||
protocol` provides fast lock-free allocation on multiple threads
|
||||
simultaneously. (See :ref:`topic-allocation`.)
|
||||
|
||||
The MPS is designed to co-operate with other memory managers (for
|
||||
example :term:`malloc` and :term:`free (2)` in :term:`C`, or operators
|
||||
``new`` and ``delete`` in :term:`C++`), so you need not move all your
|
||||
memory management to the MPS at once, and you can co-operate with
|
||||
libraries that use standard allocation mechanisms.
|
||||
|
||||
The garbage collector is :term:`incremental <incremental garbage
|
||||
collection>`: it proceeds in small steps interleaved with the execution
|
||||
of your program, so there are no long waits. (See
|
||||
:ref:`topic-collection`.)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue