diff --git a/.arch-inventory b/.arch-inventory new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8d55bbd3512 --- /dev/null +++ b/.arch-inventory @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Generated files +precious ^(config\.status|config\.cache)$ + +# Build-in-place makes these directories, so just ignore them +precious ^(info)$ + +# Install-in-place makes these directories, so just ignore them +backup ^(bin|data|lock|site-lisp)$ + +# arch-tag: 6eeeaa4e-cc7e-4b22-b3d7-1089e155da14 diff --git a/BUGS b/BUGS index 91a345dc079..5586529c023 100644 --- a/BUGS +++ b/BUGS @@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ not part of the Emacs distribution.) (3) By hand. Do cat info/emacs* | more "+/^File: emacs, Node: Bugs," -Please first check the file etc/PROBLEMS (e.g. with C-h P in Emacs) to +Please first check the file etc/PROBLEMS (e.g. with C-h C-e in Emacs) to make sure it isn't a known issue. diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog index db4f7a2aacd..8882deb6954 100644 --- a/ChangeLog +++ b/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,30 @@ +2004-06-15 Luc Teirlinck + + * info/dir (File): Add emacs-xtra. + * Makefile.in (install-arch-indep, uninstall): Add emacs-xtra. + +2004-06-12 Juri Linkov + + * info/dir: Move menu help lines from `* Menu:' to file header. + Describe the purpose of a red *. + +2004-05-04 Dave Love + + * configure.in: Don't use `extrasub'. + +2004-04-29 Dave Love + + * configure.in: Don't forget to quote args to `test'. + +2004-04-24 Thien-Thi Nguyen + + * autogen.sh: Update filename in "please read" message. + +2004-04-17 Richard M. Stallman + + * INSTALL: Move the info about site-lisp dirs, + and say uninstalled Emacs looks there too. + 2004-04-04 Eli Zaretskii * config.bat (lib-src): Recognize comment lines in Makefile.in diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL index 255a6bcdc17..b18baaa1efa 100644 --- a/INSTALL +++ b/INSTALL @@ -466,17 +466,6 @@ are installed in the following directories: at the same time; in particular, you don't have to make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version. -`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp - files installed for Emacs version VERSION only. - -`/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp - files installed for all Emacs versions. - - When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files - in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in - `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in - `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'. - `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC file, the `yow' database, and other architecture-independent files Emacs might need while @@ -506,6 +495,20 @@ are installed in the following directories: `/usr/local/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed in `/usr/local/bin'. +Any version of Emacs, whether installed or not, also looks for Lisp +files in these directories. + +`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp + files installed for Emacs version VERSION only. + +`/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp + files installed for all Emacs versions. + + When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files + in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in + `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in + `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'. + If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS index c9e16c9c9a0..5b23f9af189 100644 --- a/MAINTAINERS +++ b/MAINTAINERS @@ -19,9 +19,6 @@ maintainer has been found so far. Richard Stallman ??? -Andrew Choi - MacOS - Jason Rumney W32 @@ -73,6 +70,9 @@ Miles Bader 2. ============================================================================== +Steven Tamm + MacOS + Eli Zaretskii man/* lispref/* @@ -104,6 +104,9 @@ Miles Bader src/editfns.c lisp/textmodes/refill.el +Thien-Thi Nguyen + VMS + ============================================================================== 3. ============================================================================== diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in index 97d9a2a1079..760f7d34f77 100644 --- a/Makefile.in +++ b/Makefile.in @@ -259,7 +259,8 @@ epaths-force: FRC -e 's;\(#.*PATH_BITMAPS\).*$$;\1 "${bitmapdir}";' \ -e 's;\(#.*PATH_X_DEFAULTS\).*$$;\1 "${x_default_search_path}";' \ -e 's;\(#.*PATH_GAME\).*$$;\1 "${gamedir}";' \ - -e 's;\(#.*PATH_DOC\).*$$;\1 "${docdir}";') && \ + -e 's;\(#.*PATH_DOC\).*$$;\1 "${docdir}";' \ + -e 's;/[*] *arch-tag:.*;/*;') && \ ${srcdir}/move-if-change epaths.h.$$$$ src/epaths.h # For parallel make, src should be build before leim. @@ -445,11 +446,9 @@ install-arch-indep: mkdir info if [ `(cd ./etc; /bin/pwd)` != `(cd ${docdir}; /bin/pwd)` ]; \ then \ echo "Copying etc/DOC-* to ${docdir} ..." ; \ - (cd ./etc; tar -chf - DOC* compilation.txt) \ + (cd ./etc; tar -chf - DOC*) \ |(cd ${docdir}; umask 022; tar -xvf - && cat > /dev/null) || exit 1; \ - (cd $(docdir); \ - chown $${LOGNAME:-$$USERNAME} DOC* compilation.txt; \ - chmod a+r DOC* compilation.txt; \ + (cd $(docdir); chown $${LOGNAME:-$$USERNAME} DOC*; chmod a+r DOC*; \ if test "`echo DOC-*`" != "DOC-*"; then rm DOC; fi); \ else true; fi -unset CDPATH; \ @@ -475,7 +474,7 @@ install-arch-indep: mkdir info chmod a+r ${infodir}/dir); \ fi; \ cd ${srcdir}/info ; \ - for f in ada-mode* autotype* calc* ccmode* cl* dired-x* ebrowse* ediff* efaq* eintr* elisp* emacs* eshell* eudc* forms* gnus* idlwave* info* message* mh-e* pcl-cvs* reftex* sc* ses* speedbar* tramp* vip* widget* woman* smtpmail*; do \ + for f in ada-mode* autotype* calc* ccmode* cl* dired-x* ebrowse* ediff* efaq* eintr* elisp* emacs* emacs-xtra* eshell* eudc* forms* gnus* idlwave* info* message* mh-e* pcl-cvs* reftex* sc* ses* speedbar* tramp* vip* widget* woman* smtpmail*; do \ (cd $${thisdir}; \ ${INSTALL_DATA} ${srcdir}/info/$$f ${infodir}/$$f; \ chmod a+r ${infodir}/$$f); \ @@ -485,7 +484,7 @@ install-arch-indep: mkdir info thisdir=`/bin/pwd`; \ if [ `(cd ${srcdir}/info && /bin/pwd)` != `(cd ${infodir} && /bin/pwd)` ]; \ then \ - for f in ada-mode autotype calc ccmode cl dired-x ebrowse ediff efaq elisp eintr emacs emacs-mime eshell eudc forms gnus idlwave info message mh-e pcl-cvs reftex sc ses speedbar tramp vip viper widget woman smtpmail; do \ + for f in ada-mode autotype calc ccmode cl dired-x ebrowse ediff efaq elisp eintr emacs emacs-mime emacs-xtra eshell eudc forms gnus idlwave info message mh-e pcl-cvs reftex sc ses speedbar tramp vip viper widget woman smtpmail; do \ (cd $${thisdir}; \ ${INSTALL_INFO} --info-dir=${infodir} ${infodir}/$$f); \ done; \ @@ -551,7 +550,7 @@ uninstall: done (cd ${archlibdir} && rm -f fns-*) -rm -rf ${libexecdir}/emacs/${version} - (cd ${infodir} && rm -f cl* ada-mode* autotype* calc* ccmode* ebrowse* efaq* eintr elisp* eshell* eudc* idlwave* message* pcl-cvs* reftex* speedbar* tramp* widget* woman* dired-x* ediff* emacs* forms* gnus* info* mh-e* sc* ses* vip* smtpmail*) + (cd ${infodir} && rm -f cl* ada-mode* autotype* calc* ccmode* ebrowse* efaq* eintr elisp* eshell* eudc* idlwave* message* pcl-cvs* reftex* speedbar* tramp* widget* woman* dired-x* ediff* emacs* emacs-xtra* forms* gnus* info* mh-e* sc* ses* vip* smtpmail*) (cd ${man1dir} && rm -f emacs${manext} emacsclient${manext} etags${manext} ctags${manext}) (cd ${bindir} && rm -f $(EMACSFULL) $(EMACS)) @@ -755,5 +754,3 @@ bootstrap-clean-before: FRC -(cd lispref && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) -(cd lispintro && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) (cd leim; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) clean) - -# arch-tag: c1162ff6-e0a8-4366-bc1a-2eb544007156 diff --git a/admin/ChangeLog b/admin/ChangeLog index cca47783b62..d0cc63f1e97 100644 --- a/admin/ChangeLog +++ b/admin/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +2004-05-08 Thien-Thi Nguyen + + * notes/BRANCH: New file, to be maintained per CVS branch. + 2003-10-01 Miles Bader * quick-install-emacs: Don't use "function" keyword when defining diff --git a/admin/charsets/Makefile b/admin/charsets/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index ceecbce8211..00000000000 --- a/admin/charsets/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,349 +0,0 @@ -# Makefile -- Makefile to generate charset maps in etc/charsets. -# Copyright (C) 2003 -# National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) -# Registration Number H13PRO009 -# -# This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -# GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify -# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) -# any later version. - -# GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -# GNU General Public License for more details. - -# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -# along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the -# Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, -# Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. - -# Commentary - -# At first, set these environment variables: -# GLIBC_CHARMAPS -# Directory of glibc-VERSION/localedate/charmaps. -# VERSION must be 2.3 or the later. -# MISC_CHARMAPS -# Direcory containing these charmap files: -# o bulgarian-mik.txt.gz -# provided at -# o PTCP154 -# provided at -# o stdenc.txt and symbol.txt -# provided at -# o cp932.txt -# provided at -# o Uni2JIS -# provided at -# o 720.htm and 858.htm -# provided at -# o eucJP-13th.txt, eucJP-udc.txt, eucJP-ibmext.txt -# provided at -# o cns2ucsdkw.txt -# available by: -# % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.kanji-database.sourceforge.net:\ -# /cvsroot/kanji-database login -# % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.kanji-database.sourceforge.net:\ -# /cvsroot/kanji-database co kanji-database -# OLDEMACS -# emacs of version 21.3.50 or later -# -# Then, do this: -# % make XXX.map (or make all) -# % make install - -CHARSETS = ${ISO8859} ${IBM} ${CODEPAGE} ${CJK} ${MISC} ${MULE} - -# Note: We can not prepend "ISO-" to these map files because of file -# name limits on DOS. -ISO8859 = \ - 8859-2.map 8859-3.map 8859-4.map 8859-5.map 8859-6.map 8859-7.map \ - 8859-8.map 8859-9.map 8859-10.map 8859-11.map 8859-13.map 8859-14.map \ - 8859-15.map 8859-16.map - -IBM = \ - IBM037.map IBM038.map \ - IBM256.map IBM273.map IBM274.map IBM275.map IBM277.map IBM278.map \ - IBM280.map IBM281.map IBM284.map IBM285.map IBM290.map IBM297.map \ - IBM420.map IBM423.map IBM424.map IBM437.map IBM500.map IBM850.map \ - IBM851.map IBM852.map IBM855.map IBM856.map IBM857.map IBM860.map \ - IBM861.map IBM862.map IBM863.map IBM864.map IBM865.map IBM866.map \ - IBM868.map IBM869.map IBM870.map IBM871.map IBM874.map IBM875.map \ - IBM880.map IBM891.map IBM903.map IBM904.map IBM905.map IBM918.map \ - IBM1004.map IBM1026.map IBM1047.map - -CODEPAGE = \ - CP737.map CP775.map CP1125.map\ - CP1250.map CP1251.map CP1252.map CP1253.map CP1254.map \ - CP1255.map CP1256.map CP1257.map CP1258.map \ - CP10007.map \ - CP720.map CP858.map - -CJK = GB2312.map GBK.map GB180302.map GB180304.map \ - BIG5.map BIG5-HKSCS.map\ - CNS-1.map CNS-2.map CNS-3.map CNS-4.map CNS-5.map CNS-6.map CNS-7.map \ - CNS-F.map \ - JISX0201.map JISX0208.map JISX0212.map JISX2131.map JISX2132.map \ - JISC6226.map CP932-2BYTE.map JISX213A.map\ - KSC5601.map KSC5636.map JOHAB.map - -MISC = KOI-8.map KOI8-R.map KOI8-U.map KOI8-T.map ALTERNATIVNYJ.map \ - MIK.map PTCP154.map \ - TIS-620.map VISCII.map VSCII.map VSCII-2.map\ - KA-PS.map KA-ACADEMY.map \ - HP-ROMAN8.map NEXTSTEP.map MACINTOSH.map EBCDICUK.map EBCDICUS.map \ - stdenc.map symbol.map \ - CP949-2BYTE.map \ - BIG5-1.map BIG5-2.map - -# Emacs-mule charsets. -MULE = MULE-ethiopic.map MULE-ipa.map MULE-is13194.map \ - MULE-sisheng.map MULE-tibetan.map \ - MULE-lviscii.map MULE-uviscii.map - -TRANS_TABLE = cp51932.el eucjp-ms.el - -all: ${CHARSETS} ${TRANS_TABLE} - -AWK = gawk - -# Rules for each charset - -VSCII.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/TCVN5712-1 mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[0-9a-f].[ ]/' GLIBC-1 compact.awk > $@ - -VSCII-2.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/TCVN5712-1 mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[2-7a-f].[ ]/' GLIBC-1 compact.awk \ - | sed 's/0x20-0x7F.*/0x00-0x7F 0x0000/' > $@ - -ALTERNATIVNYJ.map: IBM866.map - # Generating $@... - @echo "# Modified from ibm866 according to the chart at" > $@ - @echo "# http://www.cyrillic.com/ref/cyrillic/koi-8alt.html," >> $@ - @echo "# with guesses for the Unicodes of the glyphs." >> $@ - @sed -e '/0xF2/ s/ .*/ 0x2019/' \ - -e '/0xF3/ s/ .*/ 0x2018/' \ - -e '/0xF4/ s/ .*/ 0x0301/' \ - -e '/0xF5/ s/ .*/ 0x0300/' \ - -e '/0xF6/ s/ .*/ 0x203A/' \ - -e '/0xF7/ s/ .*/ 0x2039/' \ - -e '/0xF8/ s/ .*/ 0x2191/' \ - -e '/0xF9/ s/ .*/ 0x2193/' \ - -e '/0xFA/ s/ .*/ 0x00B1/' \ - -e '/0xFB/ s/ .*/ 0x00F7/' < $< >> $@ - -MIK.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/bulgarian-mik.txt.gz mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '1,$$' CZYBORRA compact.awk > $@ - -PTCP154.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/PTCP154 mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^0x/' IANA compact.awk > $@ - -stdenc.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/stdenc.txt mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^[0-9A-Fa-f]/' UNICODE compact.awk > $@ - -symbol.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/symbol.txt mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^[0-9A-Fa-f]/' UNICODE compact.awk > $@ - -CP720.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/720.htm mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^[0-9A-F]/' MICROSOFT compact.awk > $@ - -CP858.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/858.htm mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^[0-9A-F]/' MICROSOFT compact.awk > $@ - -CP949-2BYTE.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/CP949 mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[89a-f]/' GLIBC-2 compact.awk > $@ - -GB2312.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/GB2312 mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[a-f]/' GLIBC-2-7 compact.awk > $@ - -GBK.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/GBK mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[89a-f]/' GLIBC-2 compact.awk > $@ - -GB180302.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/GB18030 mapconv gb180302.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x..\/x..[ ]/' GLIBC-2 gb180302.awk > $@ - -GB180304.map: GB180302.map gb180304.awk - # Generating $@... - @$(AWK) -f gb180304.awk < $< > $@ - -JISX0201.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/JIS_X0201 mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[0-9]/' GLIBC-1 compact.awk > $@ - @echo "# Generated by hand" >> $@ - @echo "0xA1-0xDF 0xFF61" >> $@ - -JISX0208.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/EUC-JP mapconv - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[a-f]/' GLIBC-2-7 \ - | sed 's/0x2015/0x2014/' > $@ - -JISX0212.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/EUC-JP mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x8f/ s,/x8f,,' GLIBC-2-7 compact.awk > $@ - -JISX2131.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/EUC-JISX0213 mapconv - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[a-f]/' GLIBC-2-7 \ - | sed -e 's/0x2015/0x2014/' -e 's/0x2299/0x29BF/' > $@ - -JISX2132.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/EUC-JISX0213 mapconv - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x8f/ s,/x8f,,' GLIBC-2-7 > $@ - -JISX213A.map: - # Generating $@ - @(echo "0x2E21 0x4FF1"; \ - echo "0x2F7E 0x525D"; \ - echo "0x4F54 0x20B9F"; \ - echo "0x4F7E 0x541E"; \ - echo "0x7427 0x5653"; \ - echo "0x7E7A 0x59F8"; \ - echo "0x7E7B 0x5C5B"; \ - echo "0x7E7C 0x5E77"; \ - echo "0x7E7D 0x7626"; \ - echo "0x7E7E 0x7E6B") > $@ - -CP932-2BYTE.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/cp932.txt mapconv cp932.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^0x[89A-F][0-9A-F][0-9A-F]/' UNICODE2 cp932.awk > $@ - -cp51932.el: CP932-2BYTE.map cp51932.awk - @$(AWK) -f cp51932.awk < CP932-2BYTE.map > $@ - -eucjp-ms.el: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/eucJP-13th.txt ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/eucJP-udc.txt \ - ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/eucJP-ibmext.txt eucjp-ms.awk - @(cd ${MISC_CHARMAPS}; \ - cat eucJP-13th.txt eucJP-udc.txt eucJP-ibmext.txt) \ - | $(AWK) -f eucjp-ms.awk > $@ - -JISC6226.map : ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/Uni2JIS mapconv kuten.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^[^#].*0-/' YASUOKA kuten.awk > $@ - -KSC5601.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/EUC-KR mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[a-f]/' GLIBC-2-7 compact.awk > $@ - -BIG5.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/BIG5 mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[a-f]/' GLIBC-2 > $@ - -BIG5-1.map: BIG5.map mapconv big5.awk - # Generating $@... - @echo "Generated from $<" > $@ - @sed -n -e '/0xa140/,/0xc8fe/p' < $< | gawk -f big5.awk >> $@ - -BIG5-2.map: BIG5.map mapconv big5.awk - # Generating $@... - @echo "Generated from $<" > $@ - @sed -n -e '/0xc940/,$$ p' < $< | gawk -f big5.awk >> $@ - -BIG5-HKSCS.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/BIG5-HKSCS mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[89a-f].\//' GLIBC-2 compact.awk > $@ - -JOHAB.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/JOHAB mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[89a-f]/' GLIBC-2 compact.awk > $@ - -CNS-1.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/EUC-TW mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x[a-f]/' GLIBC-2-7 compact.awk > $@ - -# CNS-1.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/cns2ucsdkw.txt mapconv compact.awk -# # Generating $@... -# @mapconv $< '/^C1/' KANJI-DATABASE compact.awk > $@ - -CNS-2.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/cns2ucsdkw.txt mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^C2/' KANJI-DATABASE compact.awk > $@ - -CNS-3.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/cns2ucsdkw.txt mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^C3/' KANJI-DATABASE compact.awk > $@ - -CNS-4.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/cns2ucsdkw.txt mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^C4/' KANJI-DATABASE compact.awk > $@ - -CNS-5.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/cns2ucsdkw.txt mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^C5/' KANJI-DATABASE compact.awk > $@ - -CNS-6.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/cns2ucsdkw.txt mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^C6/' KANJI-DATABASE compact.awk > $@ - -CNS-7.map: ${MISC_CHARMAPS}/cns2ucsdkw.txt mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^C7/' KANJI-DATABASE compact.awk > $@ - -CNS-F.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/EUC-TW mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*\/x8e\/xaf/ s,/x8e/xaf,,' GLIBC-2-7 compact.awk > $@ - -# General target to produce map files for mule charsets. -MULE-%.map: mule-charsets.el - # Generating $@... - @${OLDEMACS} -batch -l ./mule-charsets.el $@ - -# General target to produce map files for ISO-8859, GEORGIAN, and -# EBCDIC charsets. We can not use the original file name because of -# file name limit on DOS. "KA" is ISO 639 language code for Georgian. - -8859-%.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/ISO-8859-% mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x/' GLIBC-1 compact.awk > $@ - -KA-%.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/GEORGIAN-% mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x/' GLIBC-1 compact.awk > $@ - -EBCDIC%.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/EBCDIC-% mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x/' GLIBC-1 compact.awk > $@ - -# General target to produce map files for single-byte charsets. - -%.map: ${GLIBC_CHARMAPS}/% mapconv compact.awk - # Generating $@... - @mapconv $< '/^<.*[ ]\/x/' GLIBC-1 compact.awk > $@ - -install: - @for f in ${CHARSETS}; do \ - if test -r $$f; then \ - if ! cmp -s $$f ../../etc/charsets/$$f; then \ - echo updating $$f; \ - cp $$f ../../etc/charsets; \ - fi; \ - fi; \ - done - @for f in ${TRANS_TABLE}; do \ - if test -r $$f; then \ - if ! cmp -s $$f ../../lisp/international/$$f; then \ - echo updating $$f; \ - cp $$f ../../lisp/international; \ - fi; \ - fi; \ - done - -# Clear files that are automatically generated. -clean: - rm -f ${CHARSETS} ${TRANS_TABLE} - -# arch-tag: 90b3bf30-1fef-45bf-b30c-665c30c22310 diff --git a/admin/notes/BRANCH b/admin/notes/BRANCH new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2c343e53f15 --- /dev/null +++ b/admin/notes/BRANCH @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +This file describes the CVS branch in which it is maintained. +Everything below the line is branch-specific. +________________________________________________________________________ + +This is the "HEAD" branch, otherwise known as the "trunk". Its primary +purpose is to accumulate changes that are not yet partitioned into a +specific (versioned) release. When people say "use CVS emacs", this is +the branch they are talking about. Likewise, a "cvs checkout" without +the "-r" option results in this branch. + +The plans for this branch are not specified; Emacs hackers add to it +relatively free of constraint (aside from proper legal / accounting +practices), although sometimes there is related discussion on the +emacs-devel mailing list. + +The closure process for this branch is undocumented; concepts such as +"freeze", "release", or "integration with the trunk" are not applicable +to this branch. diff --git a/admin/notes/exit-value b/admin/notes/exit-value new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e59bb614b9b --- /dev/null +++ b/admin/notes/exit-value @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +ttn 2004-05-09 + +The exit value of a program returning to the shell on unixoid systems is +typically 0 for success, and non-0 (such as 1) for failure. For vms it is +odd (1,3,5...) for success, even (0,2,4...) for failure. + +This holds from the point of view of the "shell" (in quotes because vms has a +different dispatch model that is not explained further here). + +From the point of view of the program, nowadays stdlib.h on both type of +systems provides macros `EXIT_SUCCESS' and `EXIT_FAILURE' that should DTRT. + +NB: The numerical values of these macros DO NOT need to fulfill the the exit +value requirements outlined in the first paragraph! That is the job of the +`exit' function. Thus, this kind of construct shows misunderstanding: + + #ifdef VMS + exit (1); + #else + exit (0); + #endif + +Values aside from EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE are tricky. + + + +ttn 2004-05-12 + +Values aside from EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE can be used to indicate +finer gradations of failure. If this is the only information available +to the caller, clamping such values to EXIT_FAILURE loses information. +If there are other ways to indicate the problem to the caller (such as +a message to stderr) it may be ok to clamp. In all cases, it is the +relationship between the program and its caller that must be examined. +[Insert ZAMM quote here.] diff --git a/autogen.sh b/autogen.sh index 89d6b9c4378..0fe7ef32fc2 100755 --- a/autogen.sh +++ b/autogen.sh @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ #!/bin/sh -echo "Please read INSTALL-CVS for instructions on how to build Emacs from CVS." +echo "Please read INSTALL.CVS for instructions on how to build Emacs from CVS." # Exit with failure, since people may have generic build scripts that # try things like "autogen.sh && ./configure && make". diff --git a/configure b/configure index ce011807fb2..0e74a04e700 100755 --- a/configure +++ b/configure @@ -1573,15 +1573,6 @@ echo "$as_me: WARNING: The directory tree \`${srcdir}' is being used use GNU make. If you do not have GNU make, then you must now do \`make distclean' in ${srcdir}, and then run $0 again." >&2;} - -extrasub='/^VPATH[ ]*=/c\ -vpath %.c $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.h $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.y $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.l $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.s $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.in $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.texi $(srcdir)' fi #### Given the configuration name, set machfile and opsysfile to the @@ -4193,6 +4184,54 @@ then fi +late_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS +if test "$GCC" = yes; then + LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-znocombreloc" +else + LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -znocombreloc" +fi + +echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking For -znocombreloc" >&5 +echo $ECHO_N "checking For -znocombreloc... $ECHO_C" >&6 + +cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF +main(){return 0;} +_ACEOF +rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext +if { (eval echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \"$ac_link\"") >&5 + (eval $ac_link) 2>conftest.er1 + ac_status=$? + grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err + rm -f conftest.er1 + cat conftest.err >&5 + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 + (exit $ac_status); } && + { ac_try='test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" + || test ! -s conftest.err' + { (eval echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 + (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 + ac_status=$? + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 + (exit $ac_status); }; } && + { ac_try='test -s conftest$ac_exeext' + { (eval echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \"$ac_try\"") >&5 + (eval $ac_try) 2>&5 + ac_status=$? + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5 + (exit $ac_status); }; }; then + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: yes" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}yes" >&6 +else + echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5 +sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5 + +LDFLAGS=$late_LDFLAGS + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: no" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 +fi +rm -f conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \ + conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for egrep" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for egrep... $ECHO_C" >&6 diff --git a/configure.in b/configure.in index 3e89bea0c2d..b7318b8f805 100644 --- a/configure.in +++ b/configure.in @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ dnl To rebuild the `configure' script from this, execute the command dnl autoconf dnl in the directory containing this script. dnl -dnl Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 +dnl Copyright (C) 1994, 95, 96, 1999, 2000, 01, 02, 03, 2004 dnl Free Software Foundation, Inc. dnl dnl This file is part of GNU Emacs. @@ -170,15 +170,6 @@ if test `pwd` != `(cd ${srcdir} && pwd)` \ use GNU make. If you do not have GNU make, then you must now do `make distclean' in ${srcdir}, and then run $0 again.]]) - -[extrasub='/^VPATH[ ]*=/c\ -vpath %.c $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.h $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.y $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.l $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.s $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.in $(srcdir)\ -vpath %.texi $(srcdir)'] fi #### Given the configuration name, set machfile and opsysfile to the @@ -1280,7 +1271,7 @@ dnl Treat GCC specially since it just gives a non-fatal `unrecognized option' dnl if not built to support GNU ld. late_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS -if test $GCC = yes; then +if test "$GCC" = yes; then LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-znocombreloc" else LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -znocombreloc" diff --git a/etc/.arch-inventory b/etc/.arch-inventory new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6ab642ca65c --- /dev/null +++ b/etc/.arch-inventory @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Unlike most emacs dirs, etc has a simple non-autoconf-generated makefile +source ^(Makefile)$ + +# Generated files (DOC-X is generated on windows) +backup ^(DOC(|-[0-9.]*|-X))$ + +# Install-in-place on NT makes this directory, so just ignore it +backup ^(icons)$ + +# arch-tag: 5a1d62e0-593a-48cd-8743-8d45dc58dfae diff --git a/etc/ChangeLog b/etc/ChangeLog index 580c256f12e..05c4549bee3 100644 --- a/etc/ChangeLog +++ b/etc/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,50 @@ +2004-06-10 Lars Hansen + + * NEWS: Describe dired-omit-mode. Describe desktop package changes. + +2004-05-29 Steven Tamm + + * PROBLEMS: Document the workaround for the Mac OS X port not + picking up the environment variables from dotfiles. + +2004-05-16 Juri Linkov + + * TUTORIAL.pt_BR: Add coding: latin-1, sentence-end-double-space: nil. + + * ru-refcard.tex: Add C-u and RET to `C-h t Russian'. + +2004-05-15 Alex Ott + + * ru-refcard.tex, ru-refcard.ps: New files. + +2004-05-14 David Ponce + + * tree-widget: New directory containing tree-widget themes and + images. + +2004-04-13 Marcelo Toledo + + * TUTORIAL.pt_BR: initial check-in. + +2004-05-06 Dave Love + + * emacs.py: New file for python-mode's internal use. + +2004-04-22 Stefan Monnier + + * TODO: Use outline mode. Remove compile.el entry (done). + +2004-04-18 Juri Linkov + + * TUTORIAL.fr, TUTORIAL.pl, TUTORIAL.ru, TUTORIAL.sl, TUTORIAL.sv + * TUTORIAL.th: Add sentence-end-double-space: nil. + + * TUTORIAL.it, TUTORIAL.nl, TUTORIAL.sv: Add coding: latin-1. + +2004-04-16 David Kastrup + + * TUTORIAL.ru: Changes by Alex Ott checked in. + 2004-04-14 Jan Nieuwenhuizen * TUTORIAL.nl: Update Delete/Delback translation. diff --git a/etc/FOR-RELEASE b/etc/FOR-RELEASE new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b36632b092b --- /dev/null +++ b/etc/FOR-RELEASE @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +Tasks needed before the next release. + +** Test the mbox branch of Rmail. + +** Install the mbox branch of Rmail. + +** Finish updating the Emacs Lisp manual. + +** Finish checking the Emacs Lisp manual. + +** Update the Emacs Manual. + +** Check the Emacs Lisp manual. diff --git a/etc/NEWS b/etc/NEWS index 46989c20795..ef5a3921d38 100644 --- a/etc/NEWS +++ b/etc/NEWS @@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ See the end for copying conditions. Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. For older news, see the file ONEWS +You can narrow news to the specific version by calling +`view-emacs-news' with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n. Temporary note: +++ indicates that the appropriate manual has already been updated. @@ -89,6 +91,11 @@ eight-bit-control/eight-bit-graphic charsets aren't now in the range * Installation Changes in Emacs 21.4 +** Emacs includes now support for loading image libraries on demand. +(Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure +the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by +setting the variable `image-library-alist'. + --- ** A Bulgarian translation of the Emacs Tutorial is available. @@ -163,6 +170,72 @@ types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types. * Changes in Emacs 21.4 +** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows. +You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any +existing values. For example: + + emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20" + +will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background, +irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry. + +** New features in evaluation commands + ++++ +*** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes +the face to the value specified in the defface expression. + +*** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result +in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified +by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same +function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:), +`eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions. + +** New input method chinese-sisheng for inputting Chinese Pinyin +characters. + +** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type +in the current input method to input a character at point. + +** Convenient commands to switch buffers in a cyclic order are C-x +(prev-buffer) and C-x (next-buffer). + +** Commands winner-redo and winner-undo, from winner.el, are now bound to +C-c and C-c , respectively. This is an incompatible change. + +** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function +arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the +default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function +`help-default-arg-highlight'. + +--- +** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user +option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default, +except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be +controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which +overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'. + +The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region' +support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts. + +`comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both +read-only and field properties. Hence, it will always kill entire +lines, including any prompts. + +`comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores +read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any +part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted +and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is +not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like +`kill-region' if read-only are involved: it copies the text to the +kill-ring, but does not delete it. + +** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to +the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur. + +** Telnet will now prompt you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet. + ++++ ** New command line option -Q. This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables @@ -239,6 +312,37 @@ This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for using strokes as an input method. ++++ +** Desktop package + +*** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, desktop-save-mode. Variable +desktop-enable is obsolete. Customize desktop-save-mode to enable desktop +saving. + +*** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the +buffer list. + +*** New commands: + - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop. + - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new. + - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which + it was loaded. + +*** New customizable variables: + - desktop-save. Determins whether the desktop should be saved when it is + killed. + - desktop-file-name-format. + - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file. + - desktop-locals-to-save. + - desktop-globals-to-clear. + - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. + +*** New command line option --no-desktop + +*** New hooks: + - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded. + - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found. + --- ** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files. When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer @@ -353,13 +457,15 @@ The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in your .emacs will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use `sql-product' to accomplish this. +ANSI keywords are always highlighted. + *** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have all identifiers ending in "_t" under MS SQLServer treated as a type, you would use the following line in your .emacs file: (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms - '("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)) + '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face))) *** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i. Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are @@ -376,6 +482,13 @@ If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is called with the -E command line argument to use the operating system credentials to authenticate the user. +*** Postgres support is enhanced. +Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for +the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added. + +*** MySQL support is enhanced. +Keyword higlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented. + *** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes, packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and defaults. @@ -413,14 +526,24 @@ restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'. ** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once. By default, it is bound to C-S-. +** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters: +`insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'. + +** A prefix argument of C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-printifies the +list starting after point. + ** Dired mode: *** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged, dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces. -*** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' to mark files with -different file attributes in two dired buffers. +*** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files +with different file attributes in two dired buffers. + ++++ +*** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps +of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer. +++ *** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now @@ -436,17 +559,54 @@ types of files. The variable `dired-view-command-alist' controls what external viewers to use and when. *** In Dired, the w command now copies the current line's file name -into the kill ring. +into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, copies absolute file names. + ++++ +** Dired-x: + +*** Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode. The mode toggling +command is bound to M-o. A new command dired-mark-omitted, bound to M-O, +marks omitted files. The variable dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the +mode toggling function instead. ** Info mode: + +*** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer +with the number appended to the *info* buffer name. + +*** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes. + +*** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents +from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file. + +*** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known +Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the +possible matches. + +*** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies +the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix +arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call. + +*** New command `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S). + +*** New command `Info-search-next' (unbound) repeats the last search +without prompting for a new search string. + +*** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited +and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this. + +*** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross +references and following them calls `browse-url'. + +++ *** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default. If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option `Info-hide-note-references' to nil. -*** The new command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known -Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the -possible matches. +*** Images in Info pages are supported. +Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support. +Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo +version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images. +++ *** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil. @@ -458,6 +618,8 @@ possible matches. 'sql-sqlite'. ** BibTeX mode: +*** The new command bibtex-entry-update (bound to C-c C-u) updates +an existing BibTeX entry. *** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default. *** bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries can take values `plain', `crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used @@ -670,11 +832,12 @@ and windows-1251 are preloaded since the former is so common and the latter is used by GNU locales. ** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced. -By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences (mostly representing CJK -characters) are simply composed into single quasi-characters. User -option `utf-translate-cjk' arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK -character sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the -Mule-UCS system. This uses significant space, so is not the default. +By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into +single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is +turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character +sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS +system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not +interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil. You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables `ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8 coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's @@ -814,9 +977,9 @@ to give it focus. +++ ** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with description various information about a character, including its -encodings and syntax, its text properties, overlays, and widgets at -point. You can get more information about some of them, by clicking -on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET. +encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and +widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by +clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET. +++ ** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can @@ -832,6 +995,10 @@ can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can also disable mouse highlighting. +** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse +shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new +variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil. + +++ ** font-lock: in modes like C and Lisp where the fontification assumes that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of any string or comment, @@ -1054,6 +1221,12 @@ counter to the specified source line (the one where point is). Minor Improvements +*** The STARTTLS elisp wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS +instead of the OpenSSL based "starttls" tool. For backwards +compatibility, it will prefer "starttls", but you can toggle +`starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the +"starttls" tool). + *** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds. +++ @@ -1200,6 +1373,13 @@ the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable `appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing appt-issue-message, appt-visible, and appt-msg-window. +** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus', +and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries +from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable +`diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional +formats. + + ** VC Changes *** The key C-x C-q no longer checks files in or out, it only changes @@ -1652,6 +1832,10 @@ Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking. ** F90 mode has new navigation commands `f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block', `f90-previous-block'. +** F90 mode now has support for hs-minor-mode (hideshow). +It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable +majority. + --- ** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords' to support use of font-lock. @@ -1679,13 +1863,19 @@ candidate is a directory. to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point, it remains unchanged. -** Visual feedback of *Completions* buffer is enhanced. -Faces are put on the common prefix substrings and the first uncommon -charachters of each completion candidate in the *Completions* buffer. -`completion-de-emphasis' is put on the common prefix substrings as the -face; and `completion-emphasis' is put on the first uncommon -charachters. By default `completion-de-emphasis' is inherited from -`default' face. `completion-emphasis' is inherited from `bold' face. +** Enhanced visual feedback in *Completions* buffer. + +Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions +have in common and where they begin to differ. + +The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face +`completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the +same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default, +`completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and +`completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of +`completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common +parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing +parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted. +++ ** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'. @@ -1738,7 +1928,7 @@ depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled -against. +against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL. --- ** Sound is now supported on MS Windows. @@ -1790,9 +1980,25 @@ to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode: D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision L: shows the log of the revision at line W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version + ++++ +** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs +between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision +in the repository. + * New modes and packages in Emacs 21.4 +** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program +source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details. + +** The library tree-widget.el provides a new widget to display a set +of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is +well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files. + +** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on dired +buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc... + ** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs. ** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs. @@ -1880,6 +2086,7 @@ where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global or local keymaps. ++++ ** The new kmacro package provides a simpler user interface to emacs' keyboard macro facilities. @@ -2018,9 +2225,106 @@ configuration files. * Lisp Changes in Emacs 21.4 +** If a command sets transient-mark-mode to `only', that +enables Transient Mark mode for the following command, only. + ++++ +** Cleaner way to enter key sequences. + +You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the +same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For +example, + +(kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f" + +** The sentinel is now called when a network process is deleted with +delete-process. The status message passed to the sentinel for a +deleted network process is "deleted". The message passed to the +sentinel when the connection is closed by the remote peer has been +changed to "connection broken by remote peer". + +** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than +undo-outer-limit, garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent +it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs. + +--- +** New function quail-find-key returns a list of keys to type in the +current input method to input a character. + ++++ +** New functions posn-at-point and posn-at-x-y return +click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer +position or for a given window pixel coordinate. + +** skip-chars-forward and skip-chars-backward now handle +character classes such as [:alpha:], along with individual characters +and ranges. + +** Function pos-visible-in-window-p now returns the pixel coordinates +and partial visiblity state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY +arg is non-nil. + +** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package. + ++++ +** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and +modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this +operation. + ** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now supported on text terminals. +** Support for displaying image slices + +*** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) may be used with +an image property to display only a specific slice of the image. + +*** Function insert-image has new optional fourth arg to +specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT). + +*** New function insert-sliced-image inserts a given image as a +specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns). + +** New line-height and line-spacing properties for newline characters + +A newline may now have line-height and line-spacing text or overlay +properties that control the height of the corresponding display row. + +If the line-height property value is 0, the newline does not +contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the +newline glyph is reduced. Also, a line-spacing property on this +newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image +slices without adding blank areas between the images. + +If the line-height property value is a positive integer, the value +specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line +height it increased by increasing the line's ascent. + +If the line-height property value is a float, the minimum line height +is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by the +given value. + +If the line-height property value is a cons (RATIO . FACE), the +minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE. +RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face. + +If the line-spacing property value is an positive integer, the value +is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this +overrides the default frame line-spacing and any buffer local value of +the line-spacing variable. + +If the line-spacing property may be a float or cons, the line spacing +is calculated as specified above for the line-height property. + +If the line-spacing value is a cons (total . SPACING) where SPACING is +any of the forms described above, the value of SPACING is used as the +total height of the line, i.e. a varying number of pixels are inserted +after each line to make each line exactly that many pixels high. + + +** The buffer local line-spacing variable may now have a float value, +which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height. + ** Enhancements to stretch display properties The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where @@ -2139,6 +2443,12 @@ number of corresponding line in current buffer. variable `sentence-end-without-space' which contains such characters that end a sentence without following spaces. +** The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of +the variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, +then this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables +`sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and +`sentence-end-without-space'. + +++ ** The flags, width, and precision options for %-specifications in function `format' are now documented. Some flags that were accepted but not @@ -2929,6 +3239,10 @@ A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces defined with defface. +** The function face-differs-from-default-p now truly checks whether the +given face displays differently from the default face or not (previously +it did only a very cursory check). + +++ ** face-attribute, face-foreground, face-background, and face-stipple now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how face @@ -2938,6 +3252,13 @@ inheritance is used when determining the value of a face attribute. ** New functions face-attribute-relative-p and merge-face-attribute help with handling relative face attributes. +** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face-list is reversed. +If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier +faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous releases +of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made so that +:inherit face-lists operate identically to face-lists in text `face' +properties. + +++ ** Enhancements to process support @@ -3403,6 +3724,9 @@ using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string. ** New function x-send-client-message sends a client message when running under X. +** Arguments for remove-overlays are now optional, so that you can remove +all overlays in the buffer by just calling (remove-overlay). + ** New packages: *** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to @@ -3443,10 +3767,7 @@ been added. with Custom. ** UTF-16 coding systems are available, encoding the same characters -as mule-utf-8. Coding system `utf-16-le-dos' is useful as the value -of `selection-coding-system' in MS Windows, allowing you to paste -multilingual text from the clipboard. Set it interactively with -C-x RET x or in .emacs with `(set-selection-coding-system 'utf-16-le-dos)'. +as mule-utf-8. ** There is a new language environment for UTF-8 (set up automatically in UTF-8 locales). diff --git a/etc/PROBLEMS b/etc/PROBLEMS index c3e9ce2a16a..4ff8d50c8ae 100644 --- a/etc/PROBLEMS +++ b/etc/PROBLEMS @@ -5,6 +5,18 @@ in compiling, installing and running GNU Emacs. It's completely redundant now, as far as we know. +* Environment Variables from dotfiles are ignored with Mac OS X (Carbon). + +When starting Emacs from the Dock or the Finder on Mac OS X, the +environment variables that are set up in dotfiles, such as .cshrc or +.profile, are ignored. This is because the Finder and Dock are not +started from a shell, but instead from the Window Manager itself. + +The workaround for this is to create a .MacOSX/environment.plist file to +setup these environment variables. These environment variables will +apply to all processes regardless of where they are started. +For me information, see http://developer.apple.com/qa/qa2001/qa1067.html. + * Segfault on GNU/Linux using certain recent versions of the Linux kernel. With certain recent Linux kernels (like the one of Redhat Fedora Core @@ -225,6 +237,12 @@ __MSVCRT__, like so: configure --with-gcc --cflags -mwin32 --cflags -D__MSVCRT__ +* Building the MS-Windows port fails with a CreateProcess failure. + +Some versions of mingw32 make on some versions of Windows do not seem +to detect the shell correctly. Try "make SHELL=cmd.exe", or if that +fails, try running make from Cygwin bash instead. + * Building the MS-Windows port with Leim fails in the `leim' directory. The error message might be something like this: @@ -578,11 +596,6 @@ ought to recognize the Windows language-change event and set up the appropriate keyboard encoding automatically, but it doesn't do that yet.) -Windows uses UTF-16 encoding to deal with multilingual text (text not -encodable in the `system codepage') in the clipboard. To deal with -this, load the library `utf-16' and use `set-selection-coding-system' -to set the clipboard coding system to `utf-16-le-with-signature-dos'. - The %b specifier for format-time-string does not produce abbreviated month names with consistent widths for some locales on some versions of Windows. This is caused by a deficiency in the underlying system diff --git a/etc/TODO b/etc/TODO index d6607a94d47..b78c98bd866 100644 --- a/etc/TODO +++ b/etc/TODO @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ - -*-text-*- + -*-outline-*- If you are ready to start working on any of these TODO items, we appreciate your help; please write to emacs-devel@gnu.org so we can be @@ -7,51 +7,48 @@ it best. Since Emacs is an FSF-copyrighted package, please be prepared to sign legal papers to transfer the copyright on your work to the FSF. -Small but important fixes needed in existing features: +* Small but important fixes needed in existing features: -* Make compile.el record the markers that point to error loci - on text properties in the error message lines. - -* Fix the kill/yank treatment of invisible text. At the moment, +** Fix the kill/yank treatment of invisible text. At the moment, invisible text is placed in the kill-ring, so that the contents of the ring may not correspond to the text as displayed to the user. It ought to be possible to omit text which is invisible (due to a text-property, overlay, or selective display) from the kill-ring. -Important features: +* Important features: -* Provide user-friendly ways to list all available font families, +** Provide user-friendly ways to list all available font families, display a font as a sample, etc. [fx is looking at multilingual font selection for Emacs 22.] -* Program Enriched mode to read and save in RTF. [Is there actually a +** Program Enriched mode to read and save in RTF. [Is there actually a decent single definition of RTF? Maybe see info at http://latex2rtf.sourceforge.net/.] -* Implement something better than the current Refill mode. This +** Implement something better than the current Refill mode. This probably needs some primitive support. -* Implement primitive and higher-level functions to allow filling +** Implement primitive and higher-level functions to allow filling properly with variable-pitch faces. -* Implement a smoother vertical scroll facility, one that allows +** Implement a smoother vertical scroll facility, one that allows C-v to scroll through a tall image. -* Implement other text formatting properties. -** Footnotes that can appear either in place or at the end of the page. -** text property that says "don't break line in middle of this". +** Implement other text formatting properties. +*** Footnotes that can appear either in place or at the end of the page. +*** text property that says "don't break line in middle of this". Don't break the line between two characters that have the same value of this property. -** Discretionary hyphens that are not visible when they are at end of line. +*** Discretionary hyphens that are not visible when they are at end of line. -* Make movemail work with IMAP. +** Make movemail work with IMAP. -* Internationalize Emacs's messages. [Note that this is of limited +** Internationalize Emacs's messages. [Note that this is of limited use until the menus can display multilingual text. It also doesn't address important issues like using the names of symbols essentially as documentation, e.g. in command names and Custom. -- fx] -* Make the Lucid menu widget display multilingual text. [This +** Make the Lucid menu widget display multilingual text. [This probably needs to be done from actual Emacs buffers, either directly in the menu or by rendering in an unmapped window and copying the pixels. Note that the relevant Xlib functions assume a specific @@ -60,48 +57,63 @@ Important features: port now displays multilingual text in menus, but only insofar as Emacs can encode it as utf-8 and gtk can display the result.] -* Remove the limitation that window and frame widths and heights can +** Remove the limitation that window and frame widths and heights can be only full columns/lines. -Other features we would like: +* Other features we would like: -* Have a command suggestion help system that recognizes patterns +** Ability to map a key, including all modified-combinations. + E.g map mouse-4 to wheel-up as well as M-mouse-4 -> M-wheel-up + M-C-mouse-4 -> M-C-wheel-up, H-S-C-M-s-double-mouse-4 -> + H-S-C-M-s-double-wheel-up, ... + +** Beefed-up syntax-tables. +*** recognize multi-character syntactic entities like `begin' and `end'. +*** nested string-delimiters (for Postscript's (foo(bar)baz) strings). +*** support for infix operators (with precedence). +*** support for the $ (paired delimiter) in parse-partial-sexp. +*** support for hook-chars whose effect on the parsing-state is specified + by elisp code. Thus a char could both close a string and open a comment + at the same time and do it in a context-sensitive way. +*** ability to add mode-specific data to the partial-parse-state. + +** Have a command suggestion help system that recognizes patterns of commands which could be replaced with a simpler common command. It should not make more than one suggestion per 10 minutes. -* Add a way to define input methods by computing them (when first used) +** Add a way to define input methods by computing them (when first used) from other input methods. Then redefine C-x 8 to use a user-selected input method, with the default being the union of latin-1-prefix and latin-1-postfix. -* Implement a clean way to use different major modes for +** Implement a clean way to use different major modes for different parts of a buffer. -* Give start-process the ability to direct standard-error +** Give start-process the ability to direct standard-error output to a different filter. -* Make desktop.el save the "frame configuration" of Emacs (in some +** Make desktop.el save the "frame configuration" of Emacs (in some useful sense). -* Give desktop.el a feature to switch between different named +** Give desktop.el a feature to switch between different named desktops. -* Replace finder.el with something that generates an Info file +** Replace finder.el with something that generates an Info file which gives the same information through a menu structure. [Dave Love started on this.] -* Implement a variant of uncompress.el or jka-compr.el that works with +** Implement a variant of uncompress.el or jka-compr.el that works with GNU Privacy Guard for encryption. [Code exists but isn't assigned. See the Gnus development sources for assigned code concerning GPG use with mail, which is probably a good start.] -* Save undo information in files, and reload it when needed +** Save undo information in files, and reload it when needed for undoing. -* Merge the Emacs regex.c with the Glibc regex.c. +** Merge the Emacs regex.c with the Glibc regex.c. They split off a few years ago through negligence. -* Change the Windows NT menu code +** Change the Windows NT menu code so that it handles the deep_p argument and avoids regenerating the whole menu bar menu tree except when the user tries to use the menubar. @@ -111,84 +123,80 @@ Other features we would like: thread has processed the MENU_BAR_ACTIVATE_EVENT and regenerated the whole menu bar. In the mean time, it should process other messages. -* Get some major packages installed: W3/url (development version needs +** Get some major packages installed: W3 (development version needs significant work), PSGML. Check the assignments file for other packages which might go in and have been missed. -* Make keymaps a first-class Lisp object (this means a rewrite of +** Make keymaps a first-class Lisp object (this means a rewrite of keymap.c). What should it do apart from being opaque ? multiple inheritance ? faster where-is ? no more fix_submap_inheritance ? what else ? -* Provide real menus on ttys. The MS-DOS implementation can serve as +** Provide real menus on ttys. The MS-DOS implementation can serve as an example how to do part of this. -* Implement popular parts of the rest of the CL functions as compiler +** Implement popular parts of the rest of the CL functions as compiler macros in cl-macs. -* Highlight rectangles (`mouse-track-rectangle-p' in XEmacs). Already in CUA, +** Highlight rectangles (`mouse-track-rectangle-p' in XEmacs). Already in CUA, but it's a valuable feature worth making more general. -* Support simultaneous tty and X frames. +** Support simultaneous tty and X frames. -* Provide MIME support for Rmail using the Gnus MIME library. [Maybe +** Provide MIME support for Rmail using the Gnus MIME library. [Maybe not now feasible, given Gnus maintenance decisions. fx looked at this and can say where some of the problems are.] -* Eliminate the storm of warnings concerning char/unsigned char +** Eliminate the storm of warnings concerning char/unsigned char mismatches that we get with proprietary compilers on various systems. They make it difficult to spot the important warnings. -* Fix anything necessary to use `long long' EMACS_INTs with GCC. +** Fix anything necessary to use `long long' EMACS_INTs with GCC. -* Split out parts of lisp.h and generate Makefile dependencies +** Split out parts of lisp.h and generate Makefile dependencies automatically. -* Update the FAQ. +** Update the FAQ. -* Allow auto-compression-mode to use zlib calls if zlib is available. +** Allow auto-compression-mode to use zlib calls if zlib is available. [It's required for PNG, so may be linked anyhow.] -* Add a --pristine startup flag which does -q --no-site-file plus +** Add a --pristine startup flag which does -q --no-site-file plus ignoring X resources (Doze equivalents?) and most of the environment. What should not be ignored needs consideration. -* Investigate using the language environment (or locale?) to set up +** Investigate using the language environment (or locale?) to set up more things, such as the default Ispell dictionary, calendar holidays, quoting characters?,... -* Improve the GC (generational, incremental). (We may be able to use +** Improve the GC (generational, incremental). (We may be able to use the Boehm collector.) [See the Boehm-GC branch in CVS for work on this.] -* Check what hooks would help Emacspeak -- see the defadvising in W3. +** Check what hooks would help Emacspeak -- see the defadvising in W3. -* Add horizontal scroll bars. +** Add horizontal scroll bars. -* Provide an optional feature which computes a scroll bar slider's +** Provide an optional feature which computes a scroll bar slider's size and its position from lines instead of characters. -* Make the Custom themes support do useful things. +** Make the Custom themes support do useful things. -* Investigate using GNU Lightning or similar system for incremental - compilation of selected bytecode functions to subrs. Converting CCL - programs to native code is probably the first thing to try, though. - -* Add support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) rendering to +** Add support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) rendering to Emacs. -* Allow unknown image types to be rendered via an external program +** Allow unknown image types to be rendered via an external program converting them to, say, PBM (in the same way as PostScript?). -* Allow displaying an X window from an external program in a buffer, +** Allow displaying an X window from an external program in a buffer, e.g. to render graphics from Java applets. [gerd and/or wmperry thought this was feasible.] -* Allow images (not just text) in the margin to be mouse-sensitive. +** Allow images (not just text) in the margin to be mouse-sensitive. (Requires recursing through display properties). Provide some way to simulate mouse-clicks on marginal text without a mouse. -* Implement Lisp functions to determine properly whether a character +** Implement Lisp functions to determine properly whether a character is displayable (particularly needed in XFree 4, sigh). Use it to define useful glyphs that may be displayed as images or unicodes (with ASCIIfied fallback via latin1-disp). Examples include @@ -196,40 +204,33 @@ Other features we would like: tree displays generally, mode-line mail indicator. [See work done already for Emacs 22 and consult fx.] -* Do something to make rms happy with fx's dynamic loading, and use it +** Do something to make rms happy with fx's dynamic loading, and use it to implement things like auto-loaded buffer parsers and database access in cases which need more than Lisp. -* Extend ps-print to deal with multiple font sizes, images, and extra +** Extend ps-print to deal with multiple font sizes, images, and extra encodings. -* Provide portable undumping using mmap (per gerd design). +** Provide portable undumping using mmap (per gerd design). -* Replace gmalloc.c with the modified Doug Lea code from the current - GNU libc so that the special mmapping of buffers can be removed -- - that apparently loses under Solaris, at least. [fx has mostly done - this.] +** Use the XIE X extension, if available, for image display. -* Use the XIE X extension, if available, for image display. - -* Make monochrome images display using the foreground and background +** Make monochrome images display using the foreground and background colors of the applicable faces. -* Add support for rendering antialiased text, probably using +** Add support for rendering antialiased text, probably using XRender/Freetype. -* Rewrite make-docfile to be clean and maintainable. - -* Port the conservative stack marking code of Emacs' garbage collector +** Port the conservative stack marking code of Emacs' garbage collector to more systems, so that we can completely get rid of GCPROs. -* Reorder defcustom's in each package so that the more important +** Reorder defcustom's in each package so that the more important options come first in the Customize buffers. This could be done by either rearranging the file (since options are shown in the order they appear in the *.el files), or by adding a few :set-after attributes. -* Maybe document the features of libraries missing from the manual (or +** Maybe document the features of libraries missing from the manual (or ancillary manuals, including the Lisp manual in some cases). This is not worth doing for all of these packages and we need not aim for completeness, but some may be worth documenting. @@ -250,21 +251,21 @@ Other features we would like: cvs-status (should be described in PCL-CVS manual); other progmodes, probably in separate manual. -* Convert the XPM bitmaps to PPM, replace the PBMs with them and scrap +** Convert the XPM bitmaps to PPM, replace the PBMs with them and scrap the XPMs so that the colour versions work generally. (Requires care with the colour used for the transparent regions.) -* Convenient access to the `values' variable. It would be nice to have an +** Convenient access to the `values' variable. It would be nice to have an interface that would show you the printed reps of the elements of the list in a menu, let you select one of the values, and put it into some other variable, without changing the value of `values'. -* Fix skip-chars-{for,back}ward to allow character classes. +** Fix skip-chars-{for,back}ward to allow character classes. -* (Controlled by a flag) make open and close syntax match exactly, +** (Controlled by a flag) make open and close syntax match exactly, i.e. `(' doesn't match `]'. -* Specify parameter ID-FORMAT in all calls to `file-attributes' and +** Specify parameter ID-FORMAT in all calls to `file-attributes' and `directory-files-and-attributes' where attributes UID or GID are used. Whenever possible, use value 'string. When done, change meaning of default value from 'integer to 'string. @@ -272,4 +273,18 @@ Other features we would like: the definition of `file-attributes' and `directory-files-and-attributes' and from the calls. +* Internal changes + +** Replace gmalloc.c with the modified Doug Lea code from the current + GNU libc so that the special mmapping of buffers can be removed -- + that apparently loses under Solaris, at least. [fx has mostly done + this.] + +** Rewrite make-docfile to be clean and maintainable. + +** Add an inferior-comint-minor-mode to capture the common set of operations + offered by major modes that offer an associated inferior + comint-derived mode. I.e. basically make cmuscheme.el generic. + For use by sml-mode, python-mode, tex-mode, scheme-mode, ... + ;;; arch-tag: b0a3e40b-726a-457d-9999-ba848321b036 diff --git a/etc/TUTORIAL.fr b/etc/TUTORIAL.fr index 953e9edb649..ae88ff4a242 100644 --- a/etc/TUTORIAL.fr +++ b/etc/TUTORIAL.fr @@ -1197,6 +1197,7 @@ Cette traduction fran ;;; Local Variables: ;;; coding: latin-1 +;;; sentence-end-double-space: nil ;;; End: ;;; arch-tag: f6c5c2ff-bf24-477c-bd18-32f76f51ba65 diff --git a/etc/TUTORIAL.it b/etc/TUTORIAL.it index 7936bbd298f..02a91045d0e 100644 --- a/etc/TUTORIAL.it +++ b/etc/TUTORIAL.it @@ -1114,4 +1114,8 @@ copie di GNU Emacs ai vostri amici. Aiutateci a combattere l'ostruzionismo al software ("la proprietà") usando, scrivendo e condividendo software libero! +;;; Local Variables: +;;; coding: latin-1 +;;; End: + ;;; arch-tag: c6f7079d-8032-473d-91d4-36754af15719 diff --git a/etc/TUTORIAL.nl b/etc/TUTORIAL.nl index b4f21f1e1c5..989f8334fd1 100644 --- a/etc/TUTORIAL.nl +++ b/etc/TUTORIAL.nl @@ -830,8 +830,7 @@ het zoeken. zien wat er met de cursor gebeurt. Je hebt nu eenmaal naar het woord `cursor' gezocht. >> Type nogmaals C-s, om het volgende woord `cursor' te zoeken - -> Type nu viermaal en let op de cursorbewegingen. +>> Type nu viermaal en let op de cursorbewegingen. >> Type om het zoeken te beëindigen. Zag je wat er gebeurde? Tijdens incrementeel zoeken probeert Emacs naar @@ -1093,4 +1092,8 @@ same spirit. Please read the file COPYING and then do give copies of GNU Emacs to your friends. Help stamp out software obstructionism ("ownership") by using, writing, and sharing free software!) +;;; Local Variables: +;;; coding: latin-1 +;;; End: + ;;; arch-tag: 3399e308-e605-4125-8fbb-b2fe91ac3149 diff --git a/etc/TUTORIAL.pl b/etc/TUTORIAL.pl index 012cd143c45..501df8f6521 100644 --- a/etc/TUTORIAL.pl +++ b/etc/TUTORIAL.pl @@ -1239,13 +1239,10 @@ z t znajomym kopie Emacsa. Pomó¿ têpiæ obstrukcjonizm w informatyce, u¿ywaj±c, tworz±c i dziel±c siê oprogramowaniem swobodnym. - ;;; Local Variables: ;;; mode: fundamental ;;; coding: latin-2 +;;; sentence-end-double-space: nil ;;; End: - - - ;;; arch-tag: 6c6b7445-4cd5-44ca-a101-7f4697b92f60 diff --git a/etc/TUTORIAL.pt_BR b/etc/TUTORIAL.pt_BR new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..58101c28edb --- /dev/null +++ b/etc/TUTORIAL.pt_BR @@ -0,0 +1,1089 @@ +Copyright (c) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc; Veja no fim as +condições. + +Os comandos do Emacs geralmente envolvem a tecla CONTROL (algumas vezes +nomeada CTRL ou CTL) ou a tecla META (algumas vezes nomeada EDIT ou +ALT). Antes de escrever isso tudo toda vez, usaremos as seguintes +abreviações: + + C- Significa pressionar a tecla CONTROL enquanto digitar o + caracter + Assim, C-f seria: Pressionar a tecla CONTROL e digitar f. + M- Significa pressionar a tecla META, EDIT ou ALT enquanto + digitar . + Se não tiver META, EDIT ou ALT, no lugar digite ESC e depois + . Escrevemos para tecla ESC. + + +Nota importante: para terminar a seção do Emacs, digite C-x C-c. (Dois +caracteres.) Os caracteres ">>" na margem esquerda indicam direções para +você tentar usar um comando. Por exemplo: +<> +[Metade da página em branco para propósitos didáticos. O texto continua +abaixo] +>> Agora digite C-v (Ver próxima tela) para ir para próxima tela. + (vá em frente, faça isso pressionando a tecla CONTROL enquanto + digitar v). + De agora em diante, você deve fazer isso de novo sempre que você + terminar de ler a tela. + +Note que tem uma sobreposição de duas linhas quando você move de tela em +tela; isso fornece uma continuidade para que você continue lendo o +texto. + +A primeira coisa que você precisa saber é como se mover de um lugar a +outro no texto. Você já sabe como se mover para próxima tela, com +C-v. Para se mover para trás uma tela, digite M-v (pressione a tecla +META enquanto digita v, ou digite v se você não tiver a tecla META, +EDIT ou ALT). + +>> Tente digitar M-v e depois C-v, algumas vezes. + + +* SUMÁRIO +--------- + +Os comandos a seguir são úteis para visualizar telas inteiras + + C-v Move para tela inteira posterior + M-x Move para tela inteira anterior + C-l Limpa a tela e re-mostra todo o texto, movendo o texto ao + redor do cursor para o centro da tela. (Isso é + control-L, não control-1.) + +>> Encontre o cursor, e note o texto que está perto dele. + Digite C-l. + Encontre o cursor novamente e perceba que o mesmo texto continua + perto do cursor. + + +* CONTROLE BÁSICO DO CURSOR +--------------------------- + +Movendo de uma tela inteira para outra tela cheia é útil, mas como você +move para um lugar especifico com o mesmo texto na tela? + +Existem diversas maneiras para você poder fazer isso. A maneira mais +básica é utilizar os comandos C-p, C-b, C-f e C-n. Cada um desses +comandos movem o cursor uma linha ou coluna na tela em uma direção +particular. Aqui está uma tabela mostrando esses quatro comandos e as +direções que eles movem: + + Linha anterior, C-p + : + : + Traz, C-b .... Posição corrente do cursor .... Frente, C-f + : + : + Linha posterior, C-n + +>> Mova o cursor para a linha no meio do diagrama acima utilizando C-n + ou C-p. Digite C-l para ver o diagrama inteiro centralizado na tela. + +Você provavelmente achará isso fácil pensando neles pela letra: P para +Previous (anterior), N para Next (Posterior), B para Backward (trás) e F +para forward (frente). Estes são os comandos básicos de posicionamento +de cursor e você estará utilizando eles a TODO tempo, então seria ótimo +se você os aprendesse agora. + +>> Faça alguns C-n's para trazer o cursor abaixo desta linha. + +>> Mova para a linha com C-f's e depois para cima com C-p's. + Veja o que C-p faz quando o cursor está no meio da linha. + +Cada linha de texto termina com um caractere de nova linha, que serve +para separar da próxima linha. No fim da ultima linha deve ter um +caractere de nova linha (mas não é exigido pelo Emacs). + +>> Tente digitar C-b no começo da linha. O cursor deve mover para o fim + da linha anterior. Isso acontece por que ele se moveu para trás + através do caractere de nova linha. + +C-f pode mover o cursor através de uma Nova linha do mesmo jeito que + C-b. + +>> Faça mais alguns C-b's, assim você percebe onde o está o cursor. + Depois alguns C-f's para retornar para o fim da linha. + Depois mais um C-f para mover para linha seguinte. + +Quando você move o cursor passando o topo ou o rodapé da tela, o próximo +texto além da borda desloca-se na tela. Isso é chamado rolagem. Isso +ativa o Emacs para mover o cursor para o lugar especificado no texto sem +move-lo fora da tela. + +>> Tente mover o cursor fora do rodapé da tela com C-n, e veja o que + acontece. + +Se mover por caracteres é muito lento, você pode se mover por +palavras. M-f (Meta-f) move uma palavra para frente e M-b uma palavra +para trás. + +>> Digite alguns M-f's e M-b's + +Quando você está no meio de uma palavra, M-f move o cursor para o fim da +mesma. Quando você está em um espaço em branco no meio de duas palavras, +M-f move o cursor para o fim da palavra seguinte. M-b funciona do mesmo +jeito na direção contraria. + +>> Digite M-f e M-b algumas vezes, intercalado com C-f's e C-b's assim + você pode observar a ação do M-f e M-b de varias lugares dentro e no + meio de palavras. + +Observe o paralelismo entre C-f e C-b em uma mão, e M-f e M-b na +outra. Muito freqüentemente os caracteres Meta são usados para operações +relacionadas com as unidades definidas pela linguagem (palavras, +sentenças, parágrafos), enquanto caracteres Control operam nas unidades +básicas que são independente do que você está editando (caracteres, +linhas, etc). + +Esse paralelismo aplica-se entre linhas e sentenças: C-a e C-e move o +cursor para o começo ou fim da linha, e M-a e M-e move o cursor para o +começo ou fim da sentença. + +>> Tente alguns C-a's, e depois alguns C-e's. + Tente alguns M-a's, e depois alguns M-e's. + +Veja como repetidos C-a's fazem nada, mas repetidos M-a's mantém movendo +mais uma sentença. Embora estes não sejam completamente análogos, cada +um parece natural. + +A posição do cursor no texto é também chamado "ponto" (point). Para +parafrasear, o cursor mostra na tela onde o ponto é encontrado no texto. + +Aqui está um simples sumário das operações de movimento de cursor, +incluindo comandos de movimento de palavra e sentença. + + C-f Move o cursor um caractere para frente + C-b Move o cursor um caractere para trás + + M-f Move o cursor uma palavra para frente + M-b Move o cursor uma palavra para trás + + C-n Move o cursor para linha posterior + C-p Move o cursor para linha anterior + + C-a Move o cursor para o começo da linha + C-e Move o cursor para o fim da linha + + M-a Move o cursor para trás no começo da sentença + M-e Move o cursor para frente no fim da sentença + +>> Tente agora todos estes comandos algumas vezes para praticar. + Estes são os comandos mais utilizados. + +Outros dois comandos de movimento de cursor importantes são M-< (Meta +Menor-que), o qual move o cursor para o começo de todo o texto, e M-> +(Meta Maior-que), o qual move para o fim de todo o texto. + +Na maioria dos terminais, o "<" é acima da vírgula, então você precisa +utilizar a tecla shift para digita-la. Nestes terminais você precisa +utilizar a tecla shift para digitar M-< também; sem a tecla shift, você +estaria teclando M-virgula. + +>> Tente agora M-<, para mover o cursor ao começo do tutorial. + Use então C-v repetidamente para trazer o cursor novamente aqui. + +>> Tente agora M->, para mover o cursor ao fim do tutorial. + Use então M-v repetidamente para trazer o cursor novamente aqui. + +Você também pode mover o cursor com as setas, se o seu terminal tem +teclas com setas. Nós recomendamos aprender C-b, C-f, C-n e C-p por três +razões. Primeira, elas funcionam em todos os terminais. Segunda, uma vez +que você ganhar prática usando o Emacs, você descobrirá que digitar +nestes caracteres Control é mais rápido do que digitar nas setas (porque +você não tem que mover suas mãos tão longe da posição de +digitação). Terceira, uma vez que você tiver o hábito de utilizar estes +comandos de caracteres Control, você pode facilmente aprender como usar +outros comandos avançados de movimentação do cursor. + +A maioria dos comandos do Emacs aceitam argumentos numéricos; para +maioria dos comandos, isso serve como um fator de repetição. A maneira +que você da a um comando uma repetição teclando C-u e depois os dígitos +antes de digitar o comando. Se você tem o META (EDIT ou ALT), tem outra +alternativa para digitar um argumento numérico: digite os dígitos +enquanto pressionando a tecla META. Nós recomendamos aprender o método +C-u porque funciona em todos os terminais. O argumento numérico também é +chamado de "argumento prefixo", porque você digita o argumento antes do +comando que ele se aplica. + +Por exemplo, C-u 8 C-f move o cursor oito caracteres para frente + +>> Tente usar C-n ou C-p com um argumento numérico, para mover o + cursor para um linha perto dessa com um único comando. + +A maioria dos comandos usam o argumento numérico para um fator de +repetição, mas alguns comandos usam isso de outra maneira. Diversos +comandos (mas nenhum daqueles comandos que você tenha aprendido até +agora) usam isso como uma marca -- a presença de um argumento prefixo, +independente do seu valor, faz o comando fazer alguma coisa diferente. + +C-v e M-v são outro tipo de exceção. Quando você da um argumento, eles +rolam a tela para cima ou para baixo por aquele número de linhas, de +preferência com a tela cheia. Por exemplo, C-u 8 C-v rola a tela 8 +linhas. + +>> Tente agora digitar C-u 8 C-v. + +Isso deve ter rolado a tela para cima 8 linhas. Se você quiser rolar a +tela para baixo novamente, você pode dar um argumento para o M-v. + +Se você está usando um display com janelas, como o X11 ou MS-Windows, +deve ter uma área retangular alta chamada barra de rolagem na mão +esquerda da janela do Emacs. Você pode rolar o texto clicando o mouse na +barra de rolagem. + +>> Tente pressionar o botão do meio no topo da área destacada junto a + barra de rolagem. Isso deve rolar o texto para uma determinada + posição dependendo de quão alto ou baixo você clicar. + +>> Tente mover o mouse para cima e para baixo, enquanto pressionar o + botão do meio. Você verá que o texto rolará para cima e baixo assim + que você mover o mouse. + + +* QUANDO O EMACS PARECE MORTO +----------------------------- + +Se o Emacs parar de responder os seus comandos, você pode seguramente +para-lo digitando C-g. Você pode utilizar C-g para parar um comando que +está levando muito tempo para executar. + +Você também pode utilizar C-g para interromper um argumento numérico ou +o inicio de um comando que você não quer terminar. + +>> Digite C-u 100 para fazer um argumento numérico de 100, e depois + digite C-g. Agora digite C-f. O Cursor deve mover apenas um + caractere, porque você cancelou o argumento com C-g. + +Se você digitou um por engano, você pode sair dele com um c-g. + + +* COMANDOS DESABILITADOS +------------------------ + +Alguns comandos do Emacs são "desabilitados" para que os usuários +iniciantes não utilizem por acidente. + +Se você digita um dos comandos desabilitados, o Emacs mostrará uma +mensagem dizendo qual comando foi, e pergunta se você quer seguir e +executar o comando. + +Se você realmente quiser tentar o comando, digite Espaço na resposta da +pergunta. Normalmente, se você não quer executar o comando desabilitado, +responda a pergunta com "n". + +>> Digite C-x C-l (que é um comando desabilitado), + e então digite n para responder a pergunta. + + +* JANELAS +--------- + +O Emacs pode ter diversas janelas, cada uma mostrando seu próprio +texto. Nós vamos explicar mais tarde como utilizar estas múltiplas +janelas. Neste momento nos queremos explicar como se livrar das janelas +extras e voltar a edição básica em uma janela. É simples: + + C-x 1 Uma janela (mate todas as outras janelas). + +Isto é Control-x seguido pelo digito 1. C-x 1 expande a janela que está +com o cursor, para ocupar a tela inteira. Ela deleta todas as outras +janelas. + +>> Mova o cursor para esta linha e digite C-u 0 C-l. +>> Digite Control-h k Control-f. + Veja como esta janela diminui, enquanto uma nova aparece para mostrar + a documentação do comando Control-f. + +>> Digite C-x 1 e veja a listagem de documentação desaparecer. + +Este comando é diferente dos outros que você aprendeu por isso ele +consiste em dois caracteres. Ele inicia com o caractere Control-x. Tem +uma grande serie de comandos que iniciam com Control-x; a maioria deles +tem a ver com janelas, arquivos, buffers, e coisas relacionadas. Estes +comandos tem dois, três ou quatro caracteres de tamanho. + + +* INSERINDO E DELETANDO +----------------------- + +Se você quiser inserir um texto, apenas digite o texto. Os caracteres +que você verá, como A, 7, *, etc. são vistos pelo Emacs como texto e são +inseridos imediatamente. Digite para inserir um caractere de +nova linha. + +Você pode deletar o último caractere que você inseriu digitando +. é uma tecla no teclado, que está nomeado como +"Del". Em algumas casos, a tecla "Backspace" serve como o , mas +nem sempre! + +Mas geralmente, deleta o caractere imediatamente anterior a +posição corrente do cursor. + +>> Faça isso agora - Digite alguns caracteres, então delete eles + digitando algumas vezes. Não se preocupe em modificar este + arquivo; você não irá alterar o arquivo principal. Esta é a sua cópia + pessoal dele. + +Quando uma linha de texto fica muito grande na tela, a linha do texto é +continuada na linha seguinte. Uma barra invertida ("\") na margem +direita indica a linha que foi continuada. + +>> Insira texto até que você alcance a margem direita, e mantenha + inserindo. Você verá a linha de continuação aparecer. + +>> Utilize para deletar o texto até a linha caber em uma linha + novamente. A linha de continuação irá embora. + +Você pode deletar o caractere de nova linha como qualquer outro +caracter. Deletando o caractere de nova linha entre duas linhas você +juntará as duas em uma única linha. Se o resultado for muito longo para +acomodar na largura da tela, aparecerá um caractere de continuação. + +>> Mova o cursor para o inicio da linha e digite . Isso juntará + esta linha com a anterior. + +>> Digite para re-inserir a nova linha que você deletou. + +Lembre-se que a maioria dos comandos do Emacs podem receber um número de +repetição; isso inclui texto de caracteres. Repetir um texto de +caractere o insere algumas vezes. + +>> Tente isso agora -- digite C-u 8 * para inserir ********. + +Você acabou de aprender o jeito mais simples de digitar alguma coisa no +Emacs e corrigir os erros. Você pode deletar palavras ou linhas +também. Aqui vai um sumário dos comandos de deleção: + + deleta o caractere imediatamente antes do cursor + M-d deleta o próximo caractere apos o cursor + + M- Mata a palavra imediatamente antes do cursor + M-d Mata a próxima palavra depois do cursor + + C-k Mata a posição do cursor até o fim da linha + M-k Mata até o fim da sentença corrente + +Note que o e o C-d vs M- e M-d estende o paralelo +iniciado por C-f e M-f (bem, não é realmente um controle de +caractere, mas não vamos nos preocupar com isso). C-k e M-k são como C-e +e M-e, uma parte, nessas linhas são sentenças opostas. + +Você pode também matar parte de um buffer com um método uniforme. Mova +para o fim dessa parte, e digite C-@ ou C-SPC (um ou outro). (SPC é a +Barra de Espaço.) Mova para o outro fim dessa parte, e digite C-w. Isso +ira matar todo o texto entre as duas posições. + +>> Mova o cursor para o V no inicio do parágrafo anterior. +>> Digite C-SPC. Emacs vai mostrar a mensagem "Mark set" no rodapé da + tela. +>> Mova o cursor para o . (ponto) no "fim", na segunda linha do + parágrafo. +>> Digite C-w. Isso vai matar o texto iniciando no V, e terminando bem + antes do . (ponto). + +A diferença entra "matar" e "deletar" é que o texto "matado" pode ser +re-inserido, onde os textos "deletados" não podem ser re-inseridos. +Re-inserção de um texto matado chama-se colar (yanking). Geralmente, o +comando que pode remover bastante texto mata o texto (eles fazem com que +você possa colar (yank) o texto), enquanto os comandos que removem um +caractere, ou apenas linhas brancas ou espaços, fazem deleção (para que +você não possa colar esse texto). + +>> Mova o cursor para o inicio da linha que não esteja vazia. + Agora digite C-k para matar o texto nessa linha. +>> Digite C-k pela segunda vez. Você verá que a nova linha que segue a + linha será matada. + +Note que um simples C-k mata o conteúdo de uma linha, é um segundo C-k +mata a linha, e faz com que todas as outras linhas movam para cima. C-k +trata um argumento numérico especialmente: ele mata tantas linhas E seus +conteúdos. Isso não é uma simples repetição. C-u 2 C-k mata duas linhas +e suas novas linhas; digitar C-k duas vezes não faria isso. + +Para trazer o texto matado novamente é chamado colar "yaking". (Pense +nisso como colar, ou trazer de volta, algum texto que foi levado +embora.) Você pode colar (yank) o texto matado no mesmo lugar onde ele +foi matado, ou em qualquer outro lugar do buffer, ou ate em um arquivo +diferente. Você pode colar o texto diversas vezes, o que fará diversas +copias dele. + +O comando para colar é C-y. Ele re-insere o ultimo texto matado, na +posição corrente do cursor. + +>> Tente; digite C-y para colar o texto novamente. + +Se você fizer diversos C-k's em uma linha, todo esse texto matado será +salvo junto, então aquele C-y vai colar todas aquelas linhas de uma vez. + +>> Faca isso agora, digite C-k diversas vezes. + +Agora pegue o texto matado: + +Digite C-y. Então mova o cursor para baixo algumas linhas e digite C-y +novamente. Agora você sabe como copiar determinado texto. + +O que você faria se você tivesse determinado texto que você gostaria de +colar, e então você mata alguma outra coisa? C-y ira colar o kill mais +recente. Mas o antigo texto ainda não foi perdido. Você pode tê-lo +novamente usando o comando M-y. Depois que você der um C-y para pegar o +kill mais recente, digitar M-y troca o que você colou pelo anterior a +ele. Digitar M-y novamente e novamente traz kills anteriores e +anteriores. Quando você tiver alcançado o texto que você que esta +procurando, você não precisa fazer nada para mantê-lo. Apenas continue +com a sua edição, deixando o texto onde ele esta. + +Se você digitar M-y o suficiente, você começará do inicio novamente (o +kill mais recente). + +>> Mate uma linha, mova por ai, mate mais uma linha. + Agora digite C-y para colar a segunda linha matada. + Agora digite M-y e ele vai ser trocado pelo primeiro kill. + Faca mais alguns M-y's e veja o que você tem. Faca isso ate que o + segundo kill volte, e depois mais alguns. + Se você preferir, você pode tentar dar argumentos positivos e + negativos. + + +* DESFAZENDO (UNDO) +------------------- + +Se você fizer uma mudança no texto, e então decidir que isso foi um +erro, você pode desfazer com o comando de desfazer (undo), C-x u. + +Normalmente, C-x u desfaz as mudanças feitas por um comando; se você +repetir C-x u diversas vezes em uma linha, cada repetição irá desfazer +um comando adicional. + +Mas tem duas exceções: comandos que não trocam o texto não contam (isso +inclui o movimento do cursor e a barra de rolagem), e caracteres +auto-inseridos são usualmente cuidados em grupos de mais de 20 (Isso e +para reduzir o numero de C-x u's que você deve digitar para desfazer a +inserção de um texto.). + +>> Mate essa linha com C-k, então digite C-x u e isso vai re-aparecer. + +C-_ é um comando alternativo para desfazer; ele funciona exatamente como +o C-x u, mas é mais fácil de digitar diversas vezes em uma linha. A +desvantagem de C-_ é que alguns teclados ele não é tão obvio para +digitar. É exatamente por isso que o C-x u é fornecido. Em alguns +terminais, você pode digitar C-_ digitando / enquanto segurando o +CONTROL. + +Um argumento numérico para C-_ ou C-x u age como um contador de +repetição. + +Você pode desfazer a deleção de texto da mesma maneira que você pode +desfazer o kill de um texto. A distinção entre matar e deletar alguma +coisa afeta se você pode colar com C-y; isso não faz diferença pro +desfazer (undo). + + +* ARQUIVOS +---------- + +Para poder fazer o texto que você edita permanente, você precisa +coloca-lo em um arquivo. Ou então, isso será perdido quando o seu Emacs +for fechado. Para colocar seu texto em um arquivo, você precisa +"encontrar" o arquivo antes de digitar o texto (Isso também é chamado +"visitar" um arquivo.). + +Encontrando um arquivo significa que você verá o conteúdo de um arquivo +com o Emacs. De diversas maneiras, isso é como se você estivesse +editando o arquivo. De qualquer maneira, as mudanças que você fizer +utilizando o Emacs não se tornarão permanente ate que você "salve" o +arquivo. Isso e para que você evite deixar um arquivo meio-modificado no +sistema enquanto você não quer isso. Mesmo quando você salva, o Emacs +deixa o arquivo original sobre um arquivo de nome alterado no caso que +você mais tarde decida que aquelas mudanças foram um erro. + +Se você olhar no rodapé da tela você verá a linha que começa e termina +com traços e inicia com "--:-- TUTORIAL.pt_BR" ou algo parecido com +isso. Essa parte da tela normalmente mostra o nome do arquivo que você +esta visitando. Agora mesmo, você esta visitando um arquivo chamado +"TUTORIAL.pt_BR" que é sua própria copia do tutorial do Emacs. Quando +você encontra um arquivo com o Emacs, o nome do arquivo aparecera nesse +lugar especifico. + +Algo especial para se dizer sobre o comando de encontrar arquivo e que +você tem que dizer qual nome do arquivo você quer. Dizemos que o comando +"lê um argumento do terminal" (nesse caso, o argumento e o nome do +arquivo). Depois que você digitar o comando + + C-x C-f Encontrar um arquivo + +O Emacs pede para você digitar o nome do arquivo. O nome do arquivo +aparece no rodapé da tela. A linha de rodapé é chamada de minibuffer +quando é utilizada para esse tipo de introdução de dados. Você pode +utilizar os comandos padrões do Emacs para editar o nome do arquivo. + +Enquanto você estiver digitando o nome do arquivo (ou qualquer outro +tipo de dado para o minibuffer), você pode cancelar o comando com a +tecla C-g. + +>> Digite C-x C-f, então digite C-g. Isso cancelara o minibuffer, e + também cancelara o comando C-x C-f que estava sendo utilizado no + minibuffer. Para que você não procure nenhum arquivo. + +Quando você terminar de digitar o nome do arquivo, digite para +terminar. Então o comando C-x C-f ira trabalhar, e encontrar o arquivo +que você escolheu. O minibuffer desaparece quando o comando C-x C-f e +finalizado. + +Em pouco tempo o conteúdo do arquivo aparece na tela, e você poderá +editar o conteúdo dele. Quando você terminar de fazer suas alterações +permanentes digite o comando + + C-x C-s Salve o arquivo + +Isso copia o texto do Emacs para o arquivo. A primeira vez que você +fizer isso, o Emacs vai renomear o arquivo original para um novo nome +para que você não o perca. O nome novo e feito adicionando "~" no fim do +nome original do arquivo. + +Quando o salvamento for concluído, Emacs imprimira o nome do arquivo +escrito. Você deve salvar o conteúdo do seu arquivo regularmente, para +que você não perca muito trabalho caso o sistema caia por um algum +motivo. + +>> Digite C-x C-s, salvara a copia do seu tutorial. + Isso ira imprimir "Wrote ...TUTORIAL.pt_BR" no fim da tela. + +NOTA: Em alguns sistemas, digitar C-x C-s ira travar a tela e você não +verá saída do Emacs. Isso indica que um "recurso" do sistema operacional +chamado "controle de fluxo" (flow control) esta interceptando o C-s e +não deixando que passe pelo Emacs. Para destravar a tela, digite +C-q. Então, leia na seção "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" no +manual do Emacs para uma dica de como lhe dar com esse "recurso". + +Você pode encontrar um arquivo já existente, para ver ou edita-lo. Você +também pode encontrar um arquivo que ainda não existe. Essa é a maneira +de criar um arquivo com o Emacs: encontre o arquivo, que ira iniciar +vazio, então inicie inserindo o texto para o arquivo. Quando você pedir +para "salvar" o arquivo, Emacs irá perguntar se você realmente quer +criar o arquivo com o texto que você acabou de inserir. De agora em +diante, você pode considerar que esta editando um arquivo já existente. + + +* BUFFERS +--------- + +Se você encontrar um segundo arquivo com C-x C-f, o primeiro continuara +dentro do Emacs. Você pode voltar para ele encontrando-o novamente com +C-x C-f. Dessa maneira você pode ter um grande numero de arquivos dentro +do Emacs. + +>> Crie um arquivo chamado "foo" digitando C-x C-f foo . + Depois digite algum texto, edite-o, e salve "foo" digitando C-x C-s. + Finalmente, digite C-x C-f TUTORIAL.pt_BR para voltar ao + tutorial. + +O Emacs guarda cada texto de um arquivo em um objeto chamado +"buffer". Encontrar um arquivo cria um novo buffer dentro do Emacs. Para +ver uma lista dos buffers que existem no serviço do seu Emacs, digite + + C-x C-b Lista os buffers + +>> Tente C-x C-b agora. + +Veja como cada buffer tem um nome, e ele também pode ter um nome de +arquivo para o conteúdo de arquivo que ele armazena. Alguns buffers não +correspondem a arquivos. Por exemplo, o buffer chamado "*Buffer List*" +não tem nenhum arquivo. Esse é o buffer que contem a lista de buffers +que foi feito com C-x C-b. QUALQUER texto que você ver numa janela do +Emacs e sempre parte de algum buffer. + +>> Digite C-x 1 para sair da lista dos buffers. + +Se você fizer mudanças no texto de um arquivo, então encontrar um novo +arquivo, isso não salva o conteúdo do primeiro arquivo. As mudanças +continuam dentro do Emacs, nos buffers de arquivo. A criação ou edição +do buffer do segundo arquivo não tem nenhum efeito no buffer do primeiro +arquivo. Isso é muito útil, mas também significa que você precisa de uma +maneira conveniente de salvar o buffer do primeiro arquivo. Seria +inconveniente ter que voltar para ele com C-x C-f para salva-lo com C-x +C-s. Por isso temos + + C-x s Salve alguns buffers + +C-x s pergunta a você sobre cada buffer que contem modificação e você +não salvou. Ele te pergunta, para cada buffer, se você quer salvar. + +>> Insira uma linha de texto, então digite C-x s. + Isso deve te perguntar se você quer salvar o buffer chamado + TUTORIAL.pt_BR. + Responda sim para a pergunta digitando "y". + + +* ESTENDENDO O COMANDO SET +-------------------------- + +Existem mais, muito mais comandos que o Emacs poderia possivelmente ser +colocado em todos os control e caracteres meta. O Emacs faz isso com o +comando X (estender). Que vem em duas versões: + + C-x Extensor de caractere. Seguido por um caractere. + M-x Extensor de nome de comando. Seguido por um longo nome. + +Esses comandos que são geralmente úteis mas pouco usados que os comandos +que você já aprendeu. Você já viu dois deles: os comandos de arquivos +C-x C-f para Encontrar e C-x C-s para Salvar. Outro exemplo de um +comando para finalizar a sessão do Emacs - esse é o comando C-x C-c (Não +se preocupe em perder as mudanças que você fez; C-x C-c oferece salvar +cada arquivo modificado antes de matar o Emacs.). + +C-z é o comando para sair do Emacs *temporariamente* - então você pode +voltar para a mesma seção do Emacs depois. + +Em sistemas que permitem isso, C-z "suspende" o Emacs; isso e, retorna +ao shell mas não destrói o Emacs. Nos shells mais comum, você pode +resumir o Emacs com o comando 'fg' ou com '%emacs'. + +Nos sistemas que não implementam suspensão, C-z cria um subshell rodando +sobre o Emacs para dar a você a chance de rodar outros programas e +retornar ao Emacs depois; isso não "sai" verdadeiramente do Emacs. Nesse +caso, o comando shell 'exit' é o comando usual para voltar ao Emacs do +subshell. + +A hora de usar o C-x C-c é quando você esta prestes a sair do sistema +operacional. É também a maneira correta de sair do Emacs quando chamado +através de um cliente de e-mail ou outros utilitários, porque eles não +controlam a suspensão do Emacs. Em outras circunstâncias, se você não +estiver saindo do sistema operacional, é melhor suspender o Emacs com +C-z ao invés de sair do Emacs. + +Existem diversos comando C-x. Aqui esta uma lista dos que você aprendeu: + + C-x C-f Encontrar arquivo. + C-x C-s Salvar arquivo. + C-x C-b Listar buffers. + C-x C-c Sair do Emacs. + C-x 1 Deletar todas menos a janela atual. + C-x u Desfazer. + +O extensor de nome de comando é usado menos ainda, ou comandos que são +usados apenas em alguns modos. Um exemplo é o comando replace-string, +que globalmente troca uma string por outra. Quando você digita M-x, o +Emacs te pergunta no rodapé da tela M-x e você deve digitar o nome do +comando; nesse caso, "replace-string". Apenas digite "repl s" e o +Emacs ira completar o nome. ( é a tecla Tab, usualmente encontrando +abaixo do CapsLock ou Shift bem na extremidade do teclado.). Termine o +comando com . + +O comando replace-string requer dois argumentos - a string para ser +trocada, e a string que ira substitui-la. Você precisa terminar cada +argumento com . + +>> Mova o cursor para a linha branca duas linhas abaixo dessa. + Digite então M-x repl smudoualterado. + + Note como essa linha mudou: você substituiu a palavra m-u-d-o-u por + "alterado" quando ocorreu, apos a posição inicial do cursor. + + +* SALVAMENTO AUTOMÁTICO +----------------------- + +Quando você fizer mudanças em um arquivo, mas você ainda não tiver +salvo, elas podem ser perdidas se o seu computador der pau. Para +proteger você disso, o Emacs periodicamente escreve um arquivo "auto +salvo" para cada arquivo que você estiver editando. O nome do arquivo +auto salvo tem um # no inicio e no fim; por exemplo, se o seu arquivo +tiver o nome "ola.c", o nome do arquivo auto salvo dele será +"#ola.c#". Quando você salvar o arquivo da maneira normal, o Emacs +deleta os arquivos auto salvos. + +Se o computador der pau, você pode recuperar suas modificações auto +salvas abrindo o arquivo normalmente (o arquivo que você estava +editando, não o arquivo auto-salvo) e então digitar M-x recover +file. Quando isso perguntar por confirmação, digite yes +para ir em frente e recuperar os dados auto salvos. + + +* ÁREA DE SAÍDA (ECHO AREA) +--------------------------- + +Se o Emacs ver que você esta digitando comandos multi-caractere +lentamente, ele os mostrara para você no fim da tela numa área chamada +Área de Saída ou Echo Área. A área de saída contem a linha de rodapé da +tela. + + +* MODE LINE +----------- + +A linha imediatamente acima da área de saída é chamada de "mode line". O +mode line diz algo algo mais ou menos assim: + +--:** TUTORIAL.pt_BR (Fundamental)--L670--58%---------------- + +Essa linha da informações úteis sobre o status do Emacs e o texto que +você esta editando. + +Você já sabe o que o nome do arquivo significa -- é o arquivo que você +encontrou. -NN%-- indica sua posição no arquivo texto; significa que NN +percento do texto esta acima do topo da tela. Se o topo do arquivo +estiver na tela, ele dirá --Top-- ao invés de --00%--. Se o rodapé do +texto estiver na tela, ele mostrara --Bot--. Se você estiver olhando um +texto muito pequeno que cabe na todo na tela, o mode line ira dizer +--All--. + +O L são dígitos e indicam a posição de uma outra maneira: eles mostram a +linha corrente do ponto. + +Os asteriscos próximo ao inicio significa que você fez mudanças ao +texto. Logo após você visitar um arquivo ou salvar um arquivo, essa +parte do mode line não mostrara asteriscos, apenas traços. + +A parte do mode line dentro do parênteses lhe diz quais modos você esta +utilizando. O modo padrão é o Fundamental que é o que você esta +utilizando agora. É um exemplo de um "modo majoritário". + +O Emacs tem diversos diferentes modos majoritários. Alguns deles são +para edição de diferentes linguagens de programação e/ou tipos de texto, +como modo Lisp, modo Texto, etc. Em qualquer momento um é apenas um modo +majoritário e ativo, e seu nome pode ser encontrado no mode line +exatamente onde o "Fundamental" esta agora. + +Cada modo majoritário faz com que alguns comandos operem de modo +diferente. Por exemplo, existem comandos para criar comentários nos +programas, e desde que cada linguagem de programação tem uma idéia +diferente de como um comentário deve ser, cada modo majoritário tem que +inserir seus comentários individualmente. Cada modo majoritário é o nome +de um comando estendido, e é assim que você pode mudar para determinado +modo. Por exemplo, M-x fundamental-mode é o comando para trocar para o +modo Fundamental. + +Se você vai editar texto em Português, como neste arquivo, você pode +utilizar o modo Texto. + +>> Digite M-x text mode. + +Não se preocupe, nenhum dos comandos do Emacs que você aprendeu +mudarão. Mas você pode observar que o M-f e o M-b tratam os apóstrofos +como parte das palavras. Anteriormente, no modo Fundamental, M-f e M-b +trataram os apóstrofos como separadores de palavras. + +Modos majoritários fazem usualmente modificações como esta: a maioria +dos comandos fazem "a mesma coisa" em cada modo majoritário, mas eles +trabalham um pouquinho diferente. + +Para ver a documentação do seu modo majoritário, digite C-h m. + +>> Utilize C-u C-v uma ou mais para trazer essa linha próxima ao topo da + tela. +>> Digite C-h m, para ver como o modo texto difere do modo Fundamental. +>> Digite C-x 1 para remover a documentação da tela. + +Modos majoritários são chamados de majoritários porque também existem +modos minoritários. Modos minoritários não são alternativos aos modos +majoritários, apenas uma modificação minoritária deles. Cada modo +minoritário pode ser ligado ou desligado por ele mesmo, independente de +todos os outros modos minoritários, é independente do modo +majoritário. Então você pode não utilizar modos minoritários, ou um modo +minoritário, ou qualquer combinação de modos minoritários. + +Um modo minoritário que é bastante útil, especialmente para editar texto +em Português, é o modo Auto Fill. Quando ele esta ligado, o Emacs quebra +a linha entre as palavras automaticamente quando você inserir um texto e +criar uma linha muito comprida. + +Você pode ligar o modo Auto Fill fazendo M-x auto fill +mode. Quando o modo estiver ligado, você pode desliga-lo +novamente fazendo M-x auto fill mode. Se o modo estiver +desligado, esse comando o liga, e se ele estiver ligado, este comando o +desligara. Nos dizemos que o comando inverte seu status. + +>> Digite M-x auto fill mode agora. Então insira uma linha de + "asdf " diversas vezes ate que você veja dividir em duas linhas. Você + precisa colocar espaços entre as palavras porque o modo Auto Fill + quebra apenas nos espaços. + +A margem é usualmente definida com 70 caracteres, mas você pode +modifica-la com o comando C-x f. Você deve dar a margem que você quer +como um argumento numérico. + +>> Digite C-x f com um argumento de 20. (C-u 20 C-x f). + Então digite algum texto e veja o Emacs encher linhas com ate 20 + caracteres. Então, volte a definir a margem para 70 utilizando C-x f. + +Se você fizer uma mudança no meio de um parágrafo, o modo Auto Fill não +ira re-preencher para você. Para re-preencher o parágrafo, digite M-q +(Meta-q) com o cursor dentro do parágrafo. + +>> Mova o cursor dentro do parágrafo anterior e digite M-q. + + +* PESQUISANDO +------------- + +O Emacs pode fazer pesquisas por strings (esses sao grupos de caracteres +ligados ou palavras) tanto para frente do texto ou para traz. Pesquisar +por uma string e um comando de movimento do cursor; ele move o cursor +para o próximo lugar onde a string aparece. + +O comando de pesquisa do Emacs é diferente dos comandos de pesquisa da +maioria dos editores, porque é uma pesquisa "incremental". Isso +significa que a pesquisa acontece enquanto você digita uma string para +pesquisar. + +O comando para iniciar a pesquisa é C-s para pesquisa para frente ou C-r +para pesquisa inversa. MAS ESPERE! Não tente fazer agora. + +Quando você digitar C-s você percebera que uma string "I-search" +aparecera como prompt na área de saída. Isso diz para você que o Emacs +esta no que chamamos de pesquisa incremental esperando que você digite o +que você quer procurar. termina a pesquisa. + +>> Agora digite C-s para iniciar a pesquisa. DEVAGAR, uma letra por vez, + digite o caractere 'cursor', pausando cada vez que você digitar um + caractere, perceba o que acontece com o cursor. Agora que você + pesquisou por "cursor", uma vez. +>> Digite C-s novamente, para pesquisa a próxima ocorrência de "cursor". +>> Agora digite quatro vezes e veja como o cursor move. +>> Digite para terminar a pesquisa. + +Você viu o que aconteceu? O Emacs, em uma pesquisa incremental, tenta ir +para a ocorrência que você digitou ate o momento. Para ir para próxima +ocorrência de 'cursor' apenas digite C-s novamente. Se nenhuma +ocorrência existir, o Emacs bipa e te diz que a pesquisa atual +falhou. C-g também termina a pesquisa. + +NOTA: Em alguns sistemas, digitar C-s ira travar a tela e você não verá +saída do Emacs. Isso indica que um "recurso" do sistema operacional +chamado "controle de fluxo" (flow control) esta interceptando o C-s e +não deixando que passe pelo Emacs. Para destravar a tela, digite +C-q. Então, leia na seção "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" no +manual do Emacs para uma dica de como lhe dar com esse "recurso". + +Se você estiver no meio de uma pesquisa incremental e digitar , +você percebera que o ultimo caractere da pesquisa será apagado e a +pesquisa voltara para o ultimo lugar da pesquisa. Por instancia, imagine +que você tenha digitado "c", para pesquisar a primeira ocorrência de +"c". Agora se você digitar "u", o cursor ira mover para a primeira +ocorrência de "cu". Agora digite . Isso ira apagar o "u" da +string de pesquisa, e o cursor movera de volta para a primeira +ocorrência de "c". + +Se você estiver no meio de uma pesquisa e digitar um caractere control +ou meta (com algumas exceções--caracteres que são especiais em uma +pesquisa, como C-s e C-r), a pesquisa é terminada. + +O C-s inicia uma pesquisa que procura por qualquer ocorrência da string +de pesquisa APÓS a posição corrente do cursor. Se você quiser pesquisar +por alguma coisa anterior no texto, digite C-r ao invés. Tudo que nos +dissemos sobre C-s também implica para C-r, tirando a direção da +pesquisa que é reversa. + + +* MÚLTIPLAS JANELAS +------------------- + +Um dos recursos mais interessantes do Emacs é que você pode mostrar mais +de uma janela na tela ao mesmo tempo. + +>> Mova o cursor para essa linha e digite C-u 0 C-l (isso é control-L, + não control-1). + +>> Agora digite C-x 2 que vai dividir a tela em duas janelas. + As duas janelas vão mostrar esse tutorial. O cursor fica na janela + do topo. + +>> Digite C-M-v para rolar para o fim da janela. + (Se você não tiver uma tecla Meta de verdade, digite ESC C-v.). + +>> Digite C-x o ("o" para "outra") para mover o cursor para o rodapé + da janela. +>> Use C-v e M-v no rodapé da janela para roda-la. + Continue lendo essas direções na janela do topo. + +>> Digite C-x o novamente para mover o cursor de volta para a janela + do topo. + O cursor na janela do topo esta exatamente como estava antes. + +Você pode continuar usando C-x o para alternar entre as janelas. Cada +janela tem sua própria posição de cursor, mas apenas uma janela mostra o +cursor. Todos os comandos mais comuns de edição aplicam para a janela +que o cursor esta. Chamamos isso de "janela selecionada". + +O comando C-M-v é muito útil para quando você estiver editando o texto +em uma janela e utilizando a outra janela para referencia. Você pode +manter o cursor sempre na janela que você estiver editando, e avançar +pela outra janela seqüencialmente utilizando C-M-v. + +C-M-v é um exemplo de um caractere CONTROL-META. Se você tiver uma tecla +META real, você pode digitar C-M-v segurando ambos CONTROL e META +enquanto digitar v. Não importa se CONTROL ou META "vem primeiro," +porque ambas as teclas agem modificando o caractere que você digita. + +Se você não tiver um tecla META real, você pode utilizar ESC ao invés, a +ordem não importa: você precisa digitar ESC seguido por Control-v, +porque Control-ESC v não ira funcionar. Isso porque ESC é um caractere +com seu próprio direito, não é uma tecla de modificação. + +>> Digite C-x 1 (na janela do topo) para fugir da janela do rodapé. + +(Se você tivesse digitado C-x 1 na janela do rodapé, você fugiria da +janela do topo. Pense neste comando como "Mantenha apenas uma janela--a +janela que estou dentro.") + +Você não precisa mostrar o mesmo buffer nas duas janelas. Se você +utilizar C-x C-f para encontrar um arquivo em outra janela, a outra +janela não mudara. Você pode encontrar um arquivo em cada janela +independentemente. + +Aqui esta uma maneira de utilizar duas janelas para mostrar coisas +diferentes: + +>> Digite C-x 4 C-f seguido pelo nome de um dos seus arquivos. + Termine com . Veja o arquivo especificado aparece na janela + do rodapé. O cursor ira para lá, também. + +>> Digite C-x o para voltar a janela do topo, e C-x1 para deletar a + janela de rodapé. + + +* NÍVEIS RECURSIVOS DE EDIÇÃO +----------------------------- + +Algumas vezes você entrara no que chamamos de "nível de edição +recursiva". Isso é indicado por colchetes no mode line, envolvendo os +parênteses em volta do nome do modo majoritário. Por exemplo, você pode +ver [(Fundamental)] ao invés de (Fundamental). + +Para sair desses níveis recorríveis de edição, digite ESC ESC ESC. Isso +e um comando de todos os propósitos "saia". Você pode também utilizar +para eliminar janelas extras, e sair de um minibuffer. + +>> Digite M-x para entrar no minibuffer; então digite ESC ESC ESC para + sair. + +Você não pode utilizar C-g para sair de um nível de edição +recursiva. Isso porque o C-g é utilizado para cancelar comandos e +argumentos COM o nível de edição recursiva. + + +* CONSEGUINDO MAIS AJUDA +------------------------ + +Neste tutorial nos tentamos suprimir informações suficientes para que +você comece a utilizar o Emacs. Existe tanto disponível sobre Emacs que +seria impossível explicar tudo aqui. De qualquer maneira, você pode +querer aprender mais sobre Emacs mesmo porque ele tem muitos outros +recursos úteis. O Emacs proporciona comandos para leitura de +documentação sobre comandos do Emacs. Esses comandos de "ajuda" iniciam +com o caractere Control-h, que é chamado de "o caractere de ajuda". + +Para utilizar os recursos de ajuda, digite o caractere C-h, e então um +caractere dizendo que tipo de ajuda você quer. Se você REALMENTE estiver +perdido, digite C-h ? e o Emacs ira te dizer que tipo de ajuda ele pode +te dar. Se você digitar C-h e decidir que você não quer nenhuma ajuda, +apenas digite C-g para cancelar. + +(Alguns sistemas mudam o significado do caractere C-h. Eles não deveriam +fazer isso para todos os usuários, então você tem muito a reclamar com o +administrador do sistema. Enquanto isso, se C-h não mostrar a mensagem +sobre ajuda no rodapé da tela, tente digitar a tecla F1 ou M-x help + ao invés.) + +O recurso de ajuda mais básico é o C-h c. Digite C-h, e o caractere c, é +um comando de caractere ou seqüência; então o Emacs mostrara uma breve +descrição do comando. + +>> Digite C-h c C-p + A mensagem deve ser algo assim + + C-p roda o comando linha-anterior + +Isso diz a você "o nome da função". Nome de funções são utilizados +basicamente para personalizar o estender o Emacs. Mas desde que nomes de +funções são utilizados para indicar que o que o comando faz, eles podem +servir também como uma breve documentação--suficiente para lembrar você +os comandos que você já aprendeu. + +Comandos multi-caractere como C-x C-s e (se você não tiver a tecla META +ou EDIT ou ALT) v é também permitido depois de C-h c. + +Para ter mais informação sobre um comando, utilize C-h k ao invés de C-h +c. + +>> Digite C-h k C-p. + +Isso mostra a documentação da função, assim como seu nome, em uma janela +do Emacs. Quando você terminar de ler a saída, digite C-x 1 para sair da +saída do texto de ajuda. Você não precisa fazer isso imediatamente +apos. Você pode fazer alguma edição enquanto utilizando como referencia +o texto de ajuda, e então digite C-x 1. + +Aqui estão algumas outras opções úteis do comando C-h: + + C-h f Descreve a função. Digite o nome da função. + +>> Tente digitar C-h f previous-line + Isso ira imprimir toda informação que o Emacs tem sobre a função que + implementa o comando C-p. + + C-h a Comando Apropos. Digite uma palavra chave e o Emacs ira + listar todos os comandos que o nome contem essa + palavra. Esses comandos podem ser chamados com + Meta-x. Para alguns comandos, o comando Apropos ira + também listar um ou dois caracteres de seqüência que + roda o mesmo comando. + +>> Digite C-h a file. + +Isso mostra em uma outra janela a lista de todos os comandos M-x com +"arquivo" em seus nomes. Você Vera comandos-caractere como C-x C-f +listados ao lado do comando correspondente assim como o find-file. + +>> Digite C-M-v para rolar a janela de ajuda. Faca isso algumas vezes. + +>> Digite C-x 1 para deletar a janela de ajuda. + + +* CONCLUSÃO +----------- + +Lembre, para sair permanentemente do Emacs utilize C-x C-c. Para sair +para um shell temporariamente, para que você possa voltar ao Emacs mais +tarde, utilize C-z. + +Esse tutorial foi feito para ser entendível para todos os novos +usuários, então se você encontrou algo que parece não estar claro, não +sente e se culpe - reclame! + + +* CÓPIA +------- + +Esse tutorial descende de uma longa linha de tutoriais do Emacs +iniciando com um escrito por Stuart Cracraft para o Emacs original. + +Essa versão do tutorial foi originalmente traduzida por Marcelo Toledo + e como o GNU Emacs, tem um copyright, e vem +com uma permissão de distribuição de cópias nas seguintes condições: + +Copyright (c) 1985, 1996 Free Software Foundation + + Permissão é garantida a qualquer um para fazer ou distribuir copias + integrais deste documento como recebido, em qualquer meio, deixando + disponível e preservados o aviso de copyright e o aviso de permissão, + e o distribuidor garante que a permissão para distribuições + posteriores permitam o mesmo que esta nota. + + Permissão garantida para distribuir versões modificadas deste + documento, ou partes dele, sobre as condições acima, sempre que elas + tenham uma nota visível de quem foi o ultimo a alterar-lo. + +As condições para copiar o Emacs especificamente são mais complexas, mas +no mesmo espírito. Por favor, leia o arquivo COPYING e dê copias do GNU +Emacs para seus amigos. Ajude a erradicar o obstrucionismo de software +("proprietário") usando, escrevendo, e compartilhando software livre! + +;;; Local Variables: +;;; coding: latin-1 +;;; sentence-end-double-space: nil +;;; End: + +;;; arch-tag: 8ea256d6-2c4a-49ee-ac08-0ea6ef25bf8d diff --git a/etc/TUTORIAL.ru b/etc/TUTORIAL.ru index bb7480d913f..84f4b4c6c82 100644 --- a/etc/TUTORIAL.ru +++ b/etc/TUTORIAL.ru @@ -1,43 +1,41 @@ -;; -*- coding: cyrillic-koi8; -*- -Copyright (c) 1985, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc. See end for conditions. - -÷Ù ÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË Emacs. +÷Ù ÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË Emacs. õÓÌÏ×ÉÑ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ËÏÎÃÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ. +Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. äÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Emacs ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ËÌÀÞ (ÓÏÞÅÔÁÎÉÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ -É/ÉÌÉ ËÎÏÐÏË ÍÙÛÉ), ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÊ × ÓÅÂÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ CONTROL (ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÏÔÍÅÞÁÅÍÁÑ ËÁË -CTRL ÉÌÉ CTL) ÉÌÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ META (ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎÎÕÀ ËÁË ALT ÉÌÉ EDIT). ÷ -ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÐÉÓÁÔØ META ÉÌÉ CONTROL ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ +É/ÉÌÉ ËÎÏÐÏË ÍÙÛÉ), ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÊ × ÓÅÂÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ CONTROL (ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÏÔÍÅÞÁÅÍÁÑ +ËÁË CTRL ÉÌÉ CTL) ÉÌÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ META (ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎÎÕÀ ËÁË ALT ÉÌÉ EDIT). ÷ +ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÐÉÓÁÔØ META ÉÌÉ CONTROL, ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ: - C- ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ CONTROL ÐÏËÁ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ + C- ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ CONTROL, ÐÏËÁ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ . ôÁË, C-f ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÔØ: ÎÁÖÁÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ CONTROL É f. - M- ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ META ÐÏËÁ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ . åÓÌÉ + M- ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ META, ÐÏËÁ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ . åÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ META, ALT ÉÌÉ EDIT, ÔÏ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ , ÏÔÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÅÅ, Á ÐÏÔÏÍ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ . -÷ÁÖÎÏÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ: ÄÌÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ Emacs, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x C-c. (ä×Á +÷ÁÖÎÏÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ: ÄÌÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ Emacs, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x C-c. (ä×Á ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ). óÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ">>" Ó ÌÅ×ÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ, -ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ: -<<óÅÒÅÄÉÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÕÞÅÂÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ. ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÉÖÅ>> +ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ: +<<óÅÒÅÄÉÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÕÞÅÂÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ. ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÉÖÅ>> >> ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-v (ðÒÏÓÍÏÔÒ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÜËÒÁÎÁ) ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÜËÒÁÎ. (÷ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÜÔÏ, ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ CONTROL ÎÁÖÉÍÁÑ v). ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÅÝÅ ÒÁÚ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÚÁËÏÎÞÉÔÅ ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÜËÒÁÎ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ, ÐÏËÁ ×Ù Ä×ÉÖÅÔÅÓØ Ó ÜËÒÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎ, -ÐÅÒÅËÒÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ; ÜÔÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÎÅÐÒÅÒÙ×ÎÏÓÔØ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ -×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ. +ÐÅÒÅËÒÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ; ÜÔÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÎÅÐÒÅÒÙ×ÎÏÓÔØ, ÔÁË +ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ. -ðÅÒ×ÏÅ ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÎÁÔØ -- ËÁË ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÇÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ ÔÅËÓÔÕ ÉÚ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ +ðÅÒ×ÏÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÎÁÔØ -- ËÁË ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÇÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ ÔÅËÓÔÕ ÉÚ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ × ÄÒÕÇÏÅ. ÷Ù ÕÖÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ËÁË ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ ×ÐÅÒÅÄ ÏÄÉÎ ÜËÒÁÎ, -ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ËÌÀÞ C-v. äÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÚÁÄ ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÜËÒÁÎ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ M-v -(ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÊÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ META É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ v, ÉÌÉ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ v ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ -ËÌÁ×ÉÛÅ META, EDIT, ÉÌÉ ALT). +ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ËÌÀÞ C-v. äÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÚÁÄ ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÜËÒÁÎ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ M-v +(ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÊÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ META É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ v, ÉÌÉ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ v, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ +ËÌÁ×ÉÛÙ META, EDIT, ÉÌÉ ALT). >> ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ M-v É ÐÏÔÏÍ C-v, ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ. * ëòáôëáñ ó÷ïäëá ---------- +---------------- äÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ: @@ -47,18 +45,18 @@ CTRL ÔÅËÓÔ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÊÓÑ ×ÏÚÌÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ, × ÃÅÎÔÒÅ ÜËÒÁÎÁ. (üÔÏ CONTROL-L, Á ÎÅ CONTROL-1.) ->> îÁÊÄÉÔÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒ, É ÚÁÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ ÔÅËÓÔ ×ÏÚÌÅ ÎÅÇÏ. ðÏÔÏÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-l. +>> îÁÊÄÉÔÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒ, É ÚÁÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ ÔÅËÓÔ ×ÏÚÌÅ ÎÅÇÏ. ðÏÔÏÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-l. îÁÊÄÉÔÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÓÎÏ×Á É ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÏÚÌÅ ÎÅÇÏ ×ÓÅ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÔÅËÓÔ. * âáúï÷ùå ëïíáîäù õðòá÷ìåîéñ ëõòóïòïí ------------------------------ +------------------------------------- ä×ÉÖÅÎÉÅ ÏÔ ÜËÒÁÎÁ Ë ÜËÒÁÎÕ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ, ÎÏ ËÁË ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ × ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ? -åÓÔØ ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ. ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ -- ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ -C-p, C-b, C-f É C-n. ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÇÁÅÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÕ +åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ. ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ -- ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ +C-p, C-b, C-f É C-n. ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÇÁÅÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÉÌÉ ËÏÌÏÎËÕ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ × ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ. üÔÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ É ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ Ä×ÉÖÅÎÉÑ: @@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ C-p, C-b, C-f F-×ÐÅÒÅÄ (forward). üÔÏ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÏÚÉÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÷Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÷óåçäá, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÐÌÏÈÏ ÉÈ ×ÙÕÞÉÔØ. ->> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ C-n ÞÔÏ ÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ×ÎÉÚ ÎÁ ÜÔÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ. +>> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ C-n, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ×ÎÉÚ ÎÁ ÜÔÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ. >> ðÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅÓØ ÐÏ ÓÔÒÏËÅ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ C-f É ÐÏÔÏÍ ÐÏÄÎÉÍÉÔÅÓØ ××ÅÒÈ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ C-p. ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ, ËÁË ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÏÓØ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ ÐÒÉ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÉ @@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ character), C-f ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÔØ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É C-b. ->> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÔØ C-b, ÔÁË ÞÔÏÂÙ ÷Ù Õ×ÉÄÅÌÉ, ËÁË +>> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÔØ C-b ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÷Ù Õ×ÉÄÅÌÉ, ËÁË Ä×ÉÖÅÔÓÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒ. äÁÌÅÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-f ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ËÏÎÅà ÓÔÒÏËÉ. îÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-f ÅÝÅ ÒÁÚ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ Ë ÎÁÞÁÌÕ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ. @@ -130,15 +128,16 @@ Control- ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÅÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒ × ÎÁÞÁÌÏ É ËÏÎÅà ÓÔÒÏËÉ, Á M-a É M-e ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÅÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒ × ÎÁÞÁÌÏ É ËÏÎÅà ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ. ->> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÎÁÖÁÔØ ÐÁÒÕ ÒÁÚ C-a, É ÐÏÔÏÍ ÐÁÒÕ ÒÁÚ C-e. ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÕ +>> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÎÁÖÁÔØ ÐÁÒÕ ÒÁÚ C-a, É ÐÏÔÏÍ ÐÁÒÕ ÒÁÚ C-e. ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÕ ÒÁÚ ÎÁÖÁÔØ M-a, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÕ ÒÁÚ ÎÁÖÁÔØ M-e. ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒ C-a ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ, Á ÐÏ×ÔÏÒ M-a ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔ Ä×ÉÖÅÎÉÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÉÀ. üÔÏ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÀ, ÎÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÅÓÔÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. -ðÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ × ÔÅËÓÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ "ÔÏÞËÁ". óËÁÖÅÍ ÉÎÁÞÅ: ËÕÒÓÏÒ -ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ × ËÁËÏÊ ÔÏÞËÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ ××ÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ. +ðÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ × ÔÅËÓÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ "ÔÏÞËÏÊ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÉ". óËÁÖÅÍ ÉÎÁÞÅ: +ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ × ËÁËÏÊ ÔÏÞËÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ ××ÏÄÉÍÙÊ +ÔÅËÓÔ. úÄÅÓØ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ Ä×ÉÖÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍ É ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ: @@ -166,22 +165,22 @@ Control- Greater-than {âÏÌØÛÅ-þÅÍ}), ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÅÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒ × ËÏÎÅà ÔÅËÓÔÁ. îÁ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ× ÚÎÁË "<" ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁÄ ÚÎÁËÏÍ ÔÏÞËÉ, É ÞÔÏÂÙ -ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ Shift. îÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁÈ ×Ù ÔÁË -ÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Shift ÞÔÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ M-<; âÅÚ ÕÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ Shift -×Ù ÎÁÂÅÒÅÔÅ M-ÔÏÞËÁ. +ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÅÇÏ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ Shift. îÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁÈ ×Ù ÔÁË +ÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Shift, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ M-< (ÂÅÚ ÕÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ Shift +×Ù ÎÁÂÅÒÅÔÅ M-ÔÏÞËÁ). ->> óÅÊÞÁÓ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ M-<, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ × ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÁ. ðÏÔÏÍ - ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-v ÞÔÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ ÎÁÚÁÄ. +>> óÅÊÞÁÓ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ M-<, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ × ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÁ. ðÏÔÏÍ + ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-v, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ ÎÁÚÁÄ. ->> óÅÊÞÁÓ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ M->, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ËÏÎÃÕ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÁ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ - M-v ÞÔÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ ÓÎÏ×Á. +>> óÅÊÞÁÓ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ M->, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ËÏÎÃÕ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÁ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ + M-v, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ ÓÎÏ×Á. ëÕÒÓÏÒ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁÍÉ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ (ÓÔÒÅÌËÁÍÉ), ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎ ÉÍÉ. íÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ×ÙÕÞÉÔØ C-b, C-f, C-n É C-p ÐÏ ÔÒÅÍ -ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ. ÷Ï ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ÏÎÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÁ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁÈ. ÷Ï ×ÔÏÒÙÈ, ÏÄÎÁÖÄÙ +ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ. ÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ÏÎÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÁ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁÈ. ÷Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ, ÏÄÎÁÖÄÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉ× ÐÒÁËÔÉËÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Emacs, ×Ù ÐÏÊÍÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CTRL-ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ÕÄÏÂÎÅÅ É ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ËÎÏÐËÉ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÅÌÏÞËÁÍÉ (ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÅ -ÕÂÉÒÁÅÔÅ ÒÕËÉ Ó ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÉÈ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ). ÷ ÔÒÅÔØÉÈ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù +ÕÂÉÒÁÅÔÅ ÒÕËÉ Ó ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÉÈ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ). ÷-ÔÒÅÔØÉÈ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÐÒÉ×ÙËÎÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ CTRL-ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ, ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁË ÖÅ ÌÅÇËÏ ×ÙÕÞÉÔØ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ, ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ. @@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ CTRL- ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ: ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÃÉÆÒÙ, ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ META. íÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÏÓ×ÏÉÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ C-u, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÜÔÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÅ. þÉÓÌÏ×ÏÊ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ -ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ "ÐÒÅÆÉËÓÎÙÍ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ" ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ×Ù ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÅ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ +ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ "ÐÒÅÆÉËÓÎÙÍ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ", ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ×Ù ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÅ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÄÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, C-u 8 C-f ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÎÁ ×ÏÓÅÍØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× ×ÐÅÒÅÄ. @@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ META. ÐÒÏËÒÕÔÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ×ÎÉÚ, ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ M-v. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÏËÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÔÁËÕÀ ËÁË X11 ÉÌÉ MS-Windows, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ -ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÑÍÏÕÇÏÌØÎÁÑ ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ ÉÍÅÎÕÅÍÁÑ ÐÏÌÏÓÏÊ ÐÒÏËÒÕÔËÉ Ó ÌÅ×ÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÏËÎÁ +ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÑÍÏÕÇÏÌØÎÁÑ ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ, ÉÍÅÎÕÅÍÁÑ ÐÏÌÏÓÏÊ ÐÒÏËÒÕÔËÉ Ó ÌÅ×ÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÏËÎÁ Emacs. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏËÒÕÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÍÁÎÉÐÕÌÑÔÏÒ ÍÙÛØ. >> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÔØ ÍÙÛØ ÐÒÉ ÎÁÖÁÔÏÊ ÓÒÅÄÎÅÊ ËÎÏÐËÅ ÍÙÛÉ. ÷Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ @@ -232,7 +231,7 @@ Emacs. ×ÌÅ×Ï, ×ÐÒÁ×Ï, ××ÅÒÈ É ×ÎÉÚ ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÇÁÀÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒ × ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍÏÍ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ; ÏÎÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË C-b, C-f, C-p É C-n, ÎÏ ÌÅÇÞÅ × ÎÁÂÏÒÅ É ÚÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÎÉÉ. ÷Ù ÔÁË ÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÞÅÔÁÎÉÑ C-left É C-right ÄÌÑ -ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍ, É C-up É C-down ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÂÌÏËÁÍ (Ô.Å., +ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍ, É C-up É C-down ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÂÌÏËÁÍ (Ô.Å. ÐÁÒÁÇÒÁÆÁÍ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÔÅËÓÔ). åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ËÎÏÐËÉ ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎÎÙÅ HOME (ÉÌÉ BEGIN) ÉÌÉ END, ÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÔØ ËÕÒÓÏÒ × ÎÁÞÁÌÏ É ËÏÎÅà ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, É C-home É C-end ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÔØ × ÎÁÞÁÌÏ É ËÏÎÅà @@ -249,14 +248,14 @@ CONTROL * åóìé EMACS úá÷éó ------------------ -åÓÌÉ Emacs ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÌ ÒÅÁÇÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÏ -ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÖÁ× C-g. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ C-g ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ -ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÄÏÌÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ. +åÓÌÉ Emacs ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÌ ÒÅÁÇÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÏ, +ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÖÁ× C-g. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ C-g, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ +ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÄÏÌÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ. -÷Ù ÔÁË ÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ C-g ÄÌÑ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ ÃÉÆÒÏ×ÏÇÏ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÉÌÉ ÎÁÞÁÔÏÊ +÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ C-g ÄÌÑ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ ÃÉÆÒÏ×ÏÇÏ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÉÌÉ ÎÁÞÁÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÔØ. ->> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-u 100 ÄÌÑ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ 100, ÐÏÔÏÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-g. ôÅÐÅÒØ +>> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-u 100 ÄÌÑ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ 100, ÐÏÔÏÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-g. ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-f. ëÕÒÓÏÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØÓÑ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÏÔÍÅÎÉÌÉ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ C-g. @@ -264,7 +263,7 @@ CONTROL ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ C-g. -* úáðòåýåîîùå ëïíáîäù (DISABLED COMMANDS) +* úáðòåýåîîùå ëïíáîäù (DISABLED COMMANDS) ----------------------------------------- îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ Emacs "ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎÙ", ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ @@ -291,7 +290,7 @@ Emacs C-x 1 ïÄÎÏ ÏËÎÏ. (ÚÁËÒÙÔØ ×ÓÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏËÎÁ). -üÔÏ CONTROL-x ÓÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÃÉÆÒÏÊ 1. C-x 1 ÒÁÚ×ÅÒÎÅÔ ÏËÎÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ +üÔÏ CONTROL-x ÓÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÃÉÆÒÏÊ 1. C-x 1 ÒÁÚ×ÅÒÎÅÔ ÏËÎÏ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒ, ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÏ ÚÁÎÑÌÏ ×ÅÓØ ÜËÒÁÎ. ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÏËÎÁ. @@ -301,7 +300,7 @@ Emacs ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ, ËÁË ÔÅËÕÝÅÅ ÏËÎÏ ÓÏÖÍÅÔÓÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ É ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÉÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ CONTROL-f. ->> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x 1 É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ËÁË ÏËÎÏ Ó ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÅÊ ÉÓÞÅÚÎÅÔ. +>> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x 1 É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ, ËÁË ÏËÎÏ Ó ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÅÊ ÉÓÞÅÚÎÅÔ. üÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÉÚÕÞÉÌÉ, ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ Ä×ÕÈ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×. ïÎÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ ÚÎÁËÁ CONTROL-x. åÓÔØ ÃÅÌÙÊ @@ -326,7 +325,7 @@ Emacs ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ. >> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ -- ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×, ÐÏÔÏÍ - ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÉÈ ÎÁÖÉÍÁÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ. îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ + ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÉÈ ÎÁÖÉÍÁÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ. îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÈ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ; ×Ù ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÅ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÊ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË. üÔÏ ×ÁÛÁ ÌÉÞÎÁÑ ËÏÐÉÑ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÁ. @@ -336,7 +335,7 @@ Emacs ÓÔÒÅÌËÁ) Ó ÐÒÁ×ÏÊ ÇÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÁ. >> ÷×ÏÄÉÔÅ ÔÅËÓÔ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÉÔÅ ÐÒÁ×ÏÊ ÇÒÁÎÉÃÙ, É ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÊÔÅ - ×ÓÔÁ×ËÕ. ÷Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ, ËÁË ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÒÏËÉ. + ×ÓÔÁ×ËÕ. ÷Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ, ËÁË ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÒÏËÉ. >> éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, ÐÏËÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÓÑ × ÜËÒÁÎ ÓÎÏ×Á. óÉÍ×ÏÌ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÉÓÞÅÚÎÅÔ. @@ -353,13 +352,13 @@ Emacs ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ×ÁÍÉ. ðÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ Emacs ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÓÞÅÔÞÉË ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÅÎÉÑ; ÐÒÏÓÔÙÅ -ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ. îÁÂÉÒÁÊÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÑ ÉÈ ÐÏ +ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ. îÁÂÉÒÁÊÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ, ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÑ ÉÈ ÐÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÚÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÒÁÚ. >> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏ -- ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-u 8 * ÄÌÑ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÉ ********. ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÎÁÕÞÉÌÉÓØ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍÕ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÕ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ × Emacs É -ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ. ôÁË ÖÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ ÓÌÏ×Á É ÓÔÒÏËÉ. úÄÅÓØ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ +ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ. ôÁËÖÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ ÓÌÏ×Á É ÓÔÒÏËÉ. úÄÅÓØ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ: ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÐÅÒÅÄ ËÕÒÓÏÒÏÍ @@ -371,8 +370,8 @@ Emacs C-k õÂÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÏÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ ÄÏ ËÏÎÃÁ ÓÔÒÏËÉ M-k õÂÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÄÏ ËÏÎÃÁ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ -úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ É C-d ÐÒÏÔÉ× M- É M-d ÒÁÓÛÉÒÑÀÔ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØ -ÎÁÞÁÔÕÀ, C-f É M-f (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÊ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ, ÎÏ ÎÅ +úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ É C-d ÐÒÏÔÉ× M- É M-d ÒÁÓÛÉÒÑÀÔ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØ, +ÎÁÞÁÔÕÀ C-f É M-f (ÄÁ, ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÊ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÏÌÎÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ï ÜÔÏÍ). C-k É M-k, ËÁË É C-e É M-e, ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÑÔ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÓÔÒÏËÁÍÉ É ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ. @@ -393,13 +392,13 @@ C-SPC ( ïÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ "ÕÂÉÔØ (killing)" É "ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ (deleting)" ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ "ÕÂÉÔÙÊ" ÔÅËÓÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ, × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË "ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÅ" ÞÁÓÔÉ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÙ. ÷ÓÔÁ×ËÁ "ÕÂÉÔÏÇÏ" ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ -"×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ (yanking)". ÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ -ÞÁÓÔÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, ÕÄÁÌÑÀÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÔÅËÓÔ (ÏÎÉ ÔÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ -×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ), × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÀÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ +"×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ (yanking)". ÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÕÂÉÒÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ +ÞÁÓÔÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, ÕÂÉ×ÁÀÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÔÅËÓÔ (ÏÎÉ ÔÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ +×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ), × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÂÉÒÁÀÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ, ÉÌÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÕÓÔÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ É ÐÒÏÂÅÌØÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ (ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ). ->> ðÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÎÁ ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÎÅÐÕÓÔÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-k ÞÔÏÂÙ +>> ðÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÎÁ ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÎÅÐÕÓÔÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-k, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÂÉÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ × ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ. >> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-k ÅÝÅ ÒÁÚ. ÷Ù ×ÉÄÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÕÂØÅÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ @@ -407,7 +406,7 @@ C-SPC ( úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒ×ÏÅ C-k ÕÂÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ, Á ×ÔÏÒÏÅ C-k ÕÂÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÁÍÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ É ÐÏÄÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ××ÅÒÈ. C-k ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÞÉÓÌÏ×ÏÊ -ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ: ÕÂÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÓÔÒÏË _é_ ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ. üÔÏ ÎÅ +ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ: ÕÂÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÒÏË _é_ ÉÈ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ. üÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÅÎÉÅ. C-u 2 C-k ÕÄÁÌÉÔ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏÉ É ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÀÝÉÅ ÉÈ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ; ××ÏÄ C-k Ä×Á ÒÁÚÁ ÎÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ. @@ -420,10 +419,10 @@ C-SPC ( ëÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÅËÓÔÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ C-y. ïÎÁ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÕÂÉÔÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ × ÍÅÓÔÏ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ. ->> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏ; ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-y ÞÔÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÁÚÁÄ. +>> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏ; ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-y, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÁÚÁÄ. ðÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄ C-k × ÓÔÒÏËÅ, ×ÓÅ ÕÂÉÔÙÅ -ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÙ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ C-y ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔ ÉÈ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ. +ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÙ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ C-y ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔ ÉÈ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ. >> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-k ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ. @@ -434,8 +433,8 @@ C-SPC ( þÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÎÁÚÁÄ É ÐÏÔÏÍ ÕÂÉÔØ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÅÝÅ? C-y ×ÅÒÎÅÔ ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ. -îÏ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎ. ÷Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÅÇÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÎÁÚÁÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ -ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ M-y. ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ ËÁË ×Ù ×ÅÒÎÕÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ +îÏ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎ. ÷Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÅÇÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÎÁÚÁÄ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ +ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ M-y. ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ×ÅÒÎÕÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ M-y, É ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÔÅÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÕÂÉÔ ÒÁÎÅÅ. îÁÖÁÔÉÅ M-y ÓÎÏ×Á É ÓÎÏ×Á ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÔØ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÕÂÉÔÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ. ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÉÔÅ ÉÓËÏÍÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ @@ -447,7 +446,7 @@ M-y, >> õÂÅÊÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ×ÏËÒÕÇ ÜÔÏÊ ÔÏÞËÉ, ÐÏÔÏÍ ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÎÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ. úÁÔÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-y ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÕÂÉÔÏÊ - ÓÔÒÏËÉ. úÁÔÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ M-y É ÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÍÅÎÅÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÕÂÉÔÏÊ + ÓÔÒÏËÉ. úÁÔÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ M-y, É ÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÍÅÎÅÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÕÂÉÔÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ. îÁÖÍÉÔÅ M-y ÅÝÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ, ÞÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ. ðÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÊÔÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÐÏËÁ ×ÔÏÒÁÑ ÕÂÉÔÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÎÅ ×ÅÒÎÅÔÓÑ, É ÅÝÅ ÞÕÔØ-ÞÕÔØ. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÈÏÞÅÔÓÑ, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ M-y @@ -463,7 +462,7 @@ M-y, ïÂÙÞÎÏ, C-x u ÏÔÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÙÅ ÏÄÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ; ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÉÔØ C-x u ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ ÐÏÄÒÑÄ, ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÍÅÎÑÔØÓÑ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ. -îÏ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ: ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀÔ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÅ ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ +îÏ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Á ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ: ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀÔ ÔÅËÓÔ, ÎÅ ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ (ÜÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ É ÐÒÏËÒÕÔËÉ), É ÓÁÍÏ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅÓÑ (self-inserting) ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁÍÉ ÄÏ 20. (üÔÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÅÔ ÞÉÓÌÏ C-x u ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ ××ÏÄÁ ÔÅËÓÔÁ). @@ -472,14 +471,14 @@ C-x u ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ ÎÁÚÁÄ. C-_ ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ; ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË É C-x u, ÎÏ ÌÅÇÞÅ -× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ ÐÏÄÒÑÄ. îÅÕÄÏÂÎÏÅ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ C-_ Á ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ +× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ ÐÏÄÒÑÄ. îÅÕÄÏÂÎÏÅ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ C-_ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÁÈ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÞÅ×ÉÄÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÅÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÙ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍ -ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ C-x u. îÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁÈ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÔØ C-_ ÎÁÖÉÍÁÑ +ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ C-x u. îÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁÈ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÔØ C-_, ÎÁÖÉÍÁÑ / É ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ CONTROL. þÉÓÌÏ×ÏÊ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ C-_ ÉÌÉ C-x u ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ÓÞÅÔÞÉË ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÅÎÉÑ. -÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔØ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË ÏÔÍÅÎÕ ÕÂÉÔÉÑ +÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔØ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË ÏÔÍÅÎÕ ÕÂÉÔÉÑ ÔÅËÓÔÁ. ïÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÕÂÉÊÓÔ×ÏÍ É ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÞÅÇÏ-ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÕÂÉÔÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ C-y; ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÊ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ. @@ -488,27 +487,27 @@ C-_ ------- þÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÚÖÅ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÅÇÏ -ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ. éÎÁÞÅ, ÏÎ ÉÓÞÅÚÎÅÔ ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ×ÙÊÄÉÔÅ ÉÚ Emacs. ÷Ù ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔÅ -×ÁÛ ÔÅËÓÔ × ÆÁÊÌ "ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÑ" ÆÁÊÌ. (åÝÅ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ "ÐÏÓÅÔÉÔØ" ÆÁÊÌ.) +ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ. éÎÁÞÅ, ÏÎ ÉÓÞÅÚÎÅÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ×ÙÊÄÉÔÅ ÉÚ Emacs. ÷Ù ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔÅ +×ÁÛ ÔÅËÓÔ × ÆÁÊÌ, "ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÑ" ÆÁÊÌ. (åÝÅ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ "ÐÏÓÅÔÉÔØ" ÆÁÊÌ.) -ïÔËÒÙÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ Emacs. ÷Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ -ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÁÍÉ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ×ÁÛÉ +ïÔËÒÙÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ Emacs. ÷Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ +ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÁÍÉ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ×ÁÛÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ Emacs ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÚÁÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ, ÐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ. ôÁË ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÅ ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÏÌÕÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ. äÁÖÅ ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ, Emacs ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ -ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÇÌÉ ÐÏÚÖÅ ÒÅÛÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÉ +ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×Ù ÍÏÇÌÉ ÐÏÚÖÅ ÒÅÛÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÂÙÌÉ ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÙ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ × ÎÉÖÎÀÀ ÞÁÓÔØ ÜËÒÁÎÁ, ÔÏ ×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÔÉÒÅ É ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ Ó "--:-- TUTORIAL.ru" ÉÌÉ ÞÅÇÏ-ÔÏ -ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÇÏ. üÔÁ ÞÁÓÔØ ÜËÒÁÎÁ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù -ÏÔËÒÙÌÉ. éÔÁË, ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ×Ù ÏÔËÒÙÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ "TUTORIAL.ru" ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ -Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÐÉÅÊ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÁ Emacs. äÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ +ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÇÏ. üÔÁ ÞÁÓÔØ ÜËÒÁÎÁ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù +ÏÔËÒÙÌÉ. éÔÁË, ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ×Ù ÏÔËÒÙÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ "TUTORIAL.ru", ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ +Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÐÉÅÊ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÁ Emacs. äÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÏÔËÒÏÅÔÅ, ÉÍÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ. -ïÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ×ÅÝÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÎÁÔØ Ï ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ --- ÜÔÏ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÞÉÔÁÔØ. íÙ ÜÔÏ -ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ "ÞÉÔÁÀÝÁÑ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ Ó ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ" (× ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ +ïÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ×ÅÝÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÎÁÔØ Ï ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ, +ÜÔÏ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÞÉÔÁÔØ. íÙ ÜÔÏ +ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ, "ÞÉÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ Ó ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ" (× ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ). ðÏÓÌÅ ××ÏÄÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ C-x C-f ïÔËÒÙÔØ (ÎÁÊÔÉ) ÆÁÊÌ @@ -522,15 +521,15 @@ Emacs ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÎÁÖÁ× C-g. >> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-x C-f, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-g. üÔÏ ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔ ÍÉÎÉ-ÂÕÆÅÒ, É ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ - C-x C-f ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁ ÍÉÎÉ-ÂÕÆÅÒ. ÷ ÉÔÏÇÅ, ×Ù ÎÅ ÏÔËÒÙÌÉ ÎÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ + C-x C-f, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁ ÍÉÎÉ-ÂÕÆÅÒ. ÷ ÉÔÏÇÅ, ×Ù ÎÅ ÏÔËÒÙÌÉ ÎÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ. ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÅ ××ÏÄ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ . äÁÌÅÅ ÓÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ -ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ C-x C-f, É ÏÔËÒÏÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ×ÁÍÉ. íÉÎÉ-ÂÕÆÅÒ ÉÓÞÅÚÎÅÔ ËÏÇÄÁ -ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ C-x C-f ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ. +ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ C-x C-f, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÔËÒÏÅÔ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ×ÁÍÉ ÆÁÊÌ. íÉÎÉ-ÂÕÆÅÒ ÉÓÞÅÚÎÅÔ, +ËÏÇÄÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ C-x C-f ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ. é ÍÇÎÏ×ÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÏÚÖÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ, É ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÅÇÏ -ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ. ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÁËÏÎÞÉÔÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ +ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ. ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÁËÏÎÞÉÔÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ C-x C-s óÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌ @@ -541,18 +540,18 @@ Emacs ÉÍÅÎÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ. ëÏÇÄÁ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ, Emacs ÎÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÅÔ ÉÍÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ. ÷Ù -ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏ -ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÅÓÌÉ ×ÄÒÕÇ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÇÉÂÎÅÔ. +ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏ +ÒÁÂÏÔÙ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÄÒÕÇ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁ×ÉÓÎÅÔ. >> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x C-s, ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÅ ×ÁÛÕ ËÏÐÉÀ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÁ. ÷ ÎÉÖÎÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÜËÒÁÎÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÏÑ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁÄÐÉÓØ "Wrote ...TUTORIAL.ru". úáíåþáîéå: îÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ××ÏÄ C-x C-s ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔ ÜËÒÁÎ É ×Ù ÎÅ -Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ Emacs`Á. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÞÔÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ -ÉÍÅÅÔ "ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØ" ÉÍÅÎÕÅÍÕÀ "flow control" ÐÅÒÅÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÀÝÕÀ C-s É ÎÅ +Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ Emacs`Á. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ +ÉÍÅÅÔ "ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØ", ÉÍÅÎÕÅÍÕÀ "flow control", ÐÅÒÅÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÀÝÕÀ C-s É ÎÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÀÝÕÀ ÜÔÏÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ Ë Emacs`Õ. äÌÑ ÒÁÚÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÉ ÜËÒÁÎÁ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-q. -óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Emacs -ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ËÁË ÂÏÒÏÔØÓÑ Ó ÜÔÏÊ "ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ". +óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Emacs, +ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁË ÂÏÒÏÔØÓÑ Ó ÜÔÏÊ "ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ". ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔËÒÙÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÆÁÊÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÅÝÅ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ. äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ -- @@ -569,45 +568,45 @@ Emacs ×ÎÕÔÒÉ Emacs. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁÚÁÄ, ÎÁÊÄÑ ÅÇÏ ÓÎÏ×Á C-x C-f. üÔÏ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ× × Emacs. ->> óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ "foo" ÎÁÂÉÒÁÑ C-x C-f foo . - ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ËÁËÏÊ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÔÅËÓÔ, ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ, É ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÅ "foo" +>> óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ "foo", ÎÁÂÉÒÁÑ C-x C-f foo . + ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ËÁËÏÊ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÔÅËÓÔ, ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ, É ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÅ "foo", ÎÁÂÒÁ× C-x C-s. - îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x C-f TUTORIAL.ru + îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x C-f TUTORIAL.ru , ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ ÎÁÚÁÄ Ë ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÕ. -Emacs ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÔÅËÓÔ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ × ÏÂßÅËÔÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ "ÂÕÆÅÒ" -("buffer"). ïÔËÒÙÔÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÂÕÆÅÒ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ Emacs. ÞÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ -ÓÐÉÓÏË ÂÕÆÅÒÏ× ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ Emacs ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ +Emacs ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÔÅËÓÔ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ × ÏÂßÅËÔÅ, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÍ "ÂÕÆÅÒ" +("buffer"). ïÔËÒÙÔÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÂÕÆÅÒ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ Emacs. þÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ +ÓÐÉÓÏË ÂÕÆÅÒÏ×, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ Emacs, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x C-b óÐÉÓÏË ÂÕÆÅÒÏ× >> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ C-x C-b ÓÅÊÞÁÓ. -íÙ ×ÉÄÉÍ ÞÔÏ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÂÕÆÅÒ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÉÍÑ, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ +íÙ ×ÉÄÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÂÕÆÅÒ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÉÍÑ, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ × ÎÅÍ ÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÆÁÊÌÁÍ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, -ÂÕÆÅÒ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÎÙÊ "*Buffer List*" ÎÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÎÉËÁËÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÂÕÆÅÒÅ -ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÂÕÆÅÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ C-x C-b. ìàâïê ÔÅËÓÔ -ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×É ×ÉÄÉÔÅ × ÏËÎÅ Emacs ×ÓÅÇÄÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ËÁËÏÇÏ-ÌÉÂÏ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ. +ÂÕÆÅÒ, ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÎÙÊ "*Buffer List*", ÎÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÎÉËÁËÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÂÕÆÅÒÅ +ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÂÕÆÅÒÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ C-x C-b. ìàâïê ÔÅËÓÔ, +ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ×ÉÄÉÔÅ × ÏËÎÅ Emacs, ×ÓÅÇÄÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ËÁËÏÇÏ-ÌÉÂÏ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ. ->> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x 1 ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÂÕÆÅÒÏ×. +>> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x 1, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÂÕÆÅÒÏ×. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÅ ÔÅËÓÔ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÐÏÔÏÍ ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÅÔÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ, ÔÏ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ -ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÍ. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ Emacs, × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÍ -ÂÕÆÅÒÅ. óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÉÌÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÇÏ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ ÎÅ +ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÍ. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÕÔÓÑ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ Emacs, × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÍ +ÂÕÆÅÒÅ. óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÉÌÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÇÏ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ ÎÅ ÓËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÂÕÆÅÒÅ. üÔÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ, ÎÏ ÉÍÅÊÔÅ × ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÕÄÏÂÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÊ ÂÕÆÅÒ. âÙÌÏ ÂÙ ÎÅÐÒÉÑÔÎÏ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁÚÁÄ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ C-x C-f É ÐÏÔÏÍ -ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ C-x C-s. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ +ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ C-x C-s. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ C-x s óÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ. (Save some buffers) -C-x s ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÁÓ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÂÕÆÅÒÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÅ -ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ. äÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ Õ ×ÁÓ ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÀÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØ ÉÌÉ ÎÅ +C-x s ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÁÓ Ï ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÂÕÆÅÒÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÎÅÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÅ +ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ. äÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÂÕÆÅÒÁ Õ ×ÁÓ ÓÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÀÔ: ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØ ÉÌÉ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ. >> ÷ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, ÐÏÔÏÍ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x s. - õ ×ÁÓ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÐÒÏÓÉÔØ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØ ÌÉ ÂÕÆÅÒ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ TUTORIAL.ru. - ïÔ×ÅÔØÔÅ ÎÁ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÄÁ ÎÁÂÒÁ× "y". + õ ×ÁÓ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÐÒÏÓÉÔØ, ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØ ÌÉ ÂÕÆÅÒ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ TUTORIAL.ru. + ïÔ×ÅÔØÔÅ ÎÁ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÄÁ, ÎÁÂÒÁ× "y". * òáóûéòåîîùê îáâïò ëïíáîä @@ -624,28 +623,28 @@ C-x s üÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ×Ù ÕÖÅ ×ÙÕÞÉÌÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ. ÷Ù ÕÖÅ ×ÉÄÅÌÉ: ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ C-x C-f -- ÏÔËÒÙÔØ, É C-x C-s --- ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ. äÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ - ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó Emacs -- ÜÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ C-x +-- ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ. äÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ - ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó Emacs -- ÜÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ C-x C-c. (îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÐÏÔÅÒÑÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, C-x C-c -ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ ËÁË ÕÄÁÌÉÔ ÂÕÆÅÒ Emacs.) +ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÕÄÁÌÉÔ ÂÕÆÅÒ Emacs.) -C-z ÜÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ *×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ* ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ Emacs -- ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ × ÔÕÖÅ -ÓÅÓÓÉÀ Emacs ÐÏÓÌÅ. +C-z ÜÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ *×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ* ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ Emacs -- ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ × ÔÕ ÖÅ +ÓÅÓÓÉÀ Emacs ÐÏÚÖÅ. -îÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÀÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ, C-z "ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔ" ("suspends") -Emacs; ÷ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÀÔ × ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ (shell), ÎÏ ÎÅ ÚÁËÒÙ×ÁÀÔ Emacs. ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å -ÏÂÏÌÏÞÅË ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ × Emacs ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ `fg' ÉÌÉ +îÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÀÔ ÜÔÏ, C-z "ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔ" ("suspends") +Emacs; ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÀÔ × ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ (shell), ÎÏ ÎÅ ÚÁËÒÙ×ÁÀÔ Emacs. ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å +ÏÂÏÌÏÞÅË ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ × Emacs, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ `fg' ÉÌÉ `%emacs'. -÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, C-z ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ +÷ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, C-z ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ (subshell), ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÎÕÀ ÉÚ-ÐÏÄ Emacs, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÔØ ×ÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ -×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ, É ÐÏÔÏÍ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ × Emacs; üÔÏ ÎÅ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ +×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ, É ÐÏÔÏÍ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ × Emacs; ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ×ÙÈÏÄ ÉÚ Emacs. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ `exit' ×ÅÒÎÅÔ ×ÁÓ × Emacs ÉÚ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ. -éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-x C-c ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÊÔÉ (log out) ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ -ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ Emacs ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ -ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔ ËÁË ÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍ Emacs. -ïÂÙÞÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÉÔÅ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÌÕÞÛÅ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Emacs +éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-x C-c, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÊÔÉ (log out) ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ +ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ Emacs, ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ +ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁË ÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍ Emacs. +ïÂÙÞÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ×ÙÈÏÄÉÔÅ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÌÕÞÛÅ ÐÒÉÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Emacs, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ C-z ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÈ ÎÅÇÏ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÎÏÇÏ C-x ËÏÍÁÎÄ. üÔÉ ×Ù ÕÖÅ ×ÙÕÞÉÌÉ: @@ -661,18 +660,18 @@ Emacs; ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÒÅÖÉÍÁÈ. ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÚÁÍÅÎÁ ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÏÄÎÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ×Ï ×ÓÅÍ ÔÅËÓÔÅ. ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÎÁÂÅÒÅÔÅ M-x, Emacs ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÉÔ ×ÁÍ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÉÍÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × ÎÉÖÎÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÜËÒÁÎÁ; × ÎÁÛÅÍ -ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, "replace-string". ôÏÌØËÏ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ "repl s" É Emacs ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔ +ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, "replace-string". ôÏÌØËÏ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ "repl s", É Emacs ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔ ÉÍÑ. ( -- ÜÔÏ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁ ÔÁÂÕÌÑÃÉÉ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÁÑÓÑ ×ÙÛÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ CapsLock ÉÌÉ Shift ÓÌÅ×Á ÎÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÅ). úÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÅ ÉÍÑ ××ÏÄÏÍ . -ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÚÁÍÅÎÙ ÓÔÒÏËÉ (replace-string) ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ Ä×Á ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ -- ÓÔÒÏËÕ -ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÍÅÎÅÎÁ, É ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ. ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ +ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÚÁÍÅÎÙ ÓÔÒÏËÉ (replace-string) ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ Ä×Á ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ -- ÓÔÒÏËÕ, +ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÍÅÎÅÎÁ, É ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ. ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÔØ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ××ÏÄÏÍ . >> ðÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÎÁ Ä×Å ÐÕÓÔÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÎÉÖÅ ÜÔÏÊ. îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ M-x repl schangedaltered. - úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ ËÁË ÜÔÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÓÑ: ×Ù ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï c-h-a-n-g-e-d + úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ËÁË ÜÔÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÓÑ: ×Ù ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï c-h-a-n-g-e-d ÓÌÏ×ÏÍ "altered" ×ÅÚÄÅ, ÇÄÅ ÏÎÏ ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÔÓÑ, ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ. @@ -680,40 +679,40 @@ CapsLock ---------------- ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔÅ ÅÇÏ, ÔÏ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ËÒÁÈÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ -×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ. ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÝÉÔÉÔØ ×ÁÓ ÏÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ, Emacs +×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ. þÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÝÉÔÉÔØ ×ÁÓ ÏÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ, Emacs ÐÅÒÉÏÄÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÔÅ. á×ÔÏÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÆÁÊÌ, ÉÍÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÖÅ, ÎÏ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ É ÚÁËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ "#"; ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ "hello.c", ÔÏ Á×ÔÏÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ "#hello.c#". ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ -ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ. Emacs ÕÄÁÌÉÔ Á×ÔÏÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ. +ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ, Emacs ÕÄÁÌÉÔ Á×ÔÏÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ. -åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÏÄ×ÉÓÁÅÔ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ×ÁÛÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌÉ -ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÐÕÔÅÍ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÑ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ (ÆÁÊÌÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù -ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ, ÎÅ Á×ÔÏÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÏÇÏ) É ÚÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÂÒÁ× M-x recover-file. -ëÏÇÄÁ Õ ×ÁÓ ÓÐÒÏÓÑÔ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÉÅ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ yes ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ +åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁ×ÉÓÌÁ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ×ÁÛÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌÉ +ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÙ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÐÕÔÅÍ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÑ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ (ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù +ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ, ÎÅ Á×ÔÏÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÏÇÏ), É ÚÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÂÒÁ× M-x recover-file. +ëÏÇÄÁ Õ ×ÁÓ ÓÐÒÏÓÑÔ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÉÅ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ yes, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Á×ÔÏÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ. * ïâìáóôø üèï (ECHO AREA) ------------------------- -åÓÌÉ Emacs ×ÉÄÉÔ ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÏÎ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÈ ×ÁÍ +åÓÌÉ Emacs ×ÉÄÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÏÎ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÈ ×ÁÍ ×ÎÉÚÕ ÜËÒÁÎÁ, × ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÊ "ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ ÜÈÏ". ïÂÌÁÓÔØ ÜÈÏ -- ÜÔÏ ÓÁÍÁÑ ÎÉÖÎÑÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÜËÒÁÎÁ. * óôòïëá òåöéíá ------------------- +--------------- óÔÒÏËÁ ÓÒÁÚÕ ÎÁÄ ÏÂÌÁÓÔØÀ ÜÈÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ "ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ". ÷ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÜÔÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË: ---:** TUTORIAL (Fundamental)--L670--58%---------------- +--:** TUTORIAL.ru (Fundamental)--L670--58%---------------- üÔÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ Emacs É ÔÅËÓÔÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÔÅ. -÷Ù ÕÖÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ ÞÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÏÔËÒÙÌÉ. -NN%-- +÷Ù ÕÖÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ -- ÜÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÏÔËÒÙÌÉ. -NN%-- ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÕÀ ÐÏÚÉÃÉÀ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ × ÔÅËÓÔÅ; ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÞÔÏ NN ÐÒÏÃÅÎÔÏ× ÔÅËÓÔÁ ×ÙÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÜËÒÁÎÁ. åÓÌÉ ÐÅÒ×ÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÜËÒÁÎÁ, ×Ù ÔÁÍ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ --Top-- ×ÍÅÓÔÏ --00%--. åÓÌÉ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ @@ -744,13 +743,13 @@ Emacs ÅÇÏ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, M-x fundamental-mode - ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÙÊ (Fundamental) ÒÅÖÉÍ. -åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ËÁË ÜÔÏÔ (//ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ +åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÔÅËÓÔ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ËÁË ÜÔÏÔ (ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ÎÅ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÜÔÏÔ, Á TUTORIAL) ÆÁÊÌ, ×Ù ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ × Text-ÒÅÖÉÍ. >> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ M-x text mode. îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ, ÎÉ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ×ÙÕÞÅÎÎÙÈ ×ÁÍÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ Emacs ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÁÓØ. îÏ ×Ù -ÍÏÖÉÔÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ M-f É M-b ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÔØ ÁÐÏÓÔÒÏÆÙ ËÁË ÞÁÓÔÉ ÓÌÏ×Á. +ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ M-f É M-b ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÀÔ ÁÐÏÓÔÒÏÆÙ ËÁË ÞÁÓÔÉ ÓÌÏ×Á. òÁÎÅÅ, × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ (Fundamental mode), M-f É M-b ÐÏÎÉÍÁÌÉ ÁÐÏÓÔÒÏÆÙ ËÁË ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÅÌÉ ÓÌÏ×. @@ -762,8 +761,8 @@ Emacs >> éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-u C-v ÏÄÉÎ ÒÁÚ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÂÌÉÖÅ Ë ×ÅÒÈÕ ÜËÒÁÎÁ. ->> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-h m, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÑ Text-ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ÏÔ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÇÏ. ->> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x 1 ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÂÒÁÔØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ Ó ÇÌÁÚ ÄÏÌÏÊ :) +>> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-h m, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÑ Text-ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ÏÔ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÇÏ. +>> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x 1, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÂÒÁÔØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ Ó ÇÌÁÚ ÄÏÌÏÊ :) ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ (minor) ÒÅÖÉÍÏ×. äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÒÅÖÉÍÙ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÁÍÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ, @@ -777,13 +776,13 @@ Emacs ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ, Emacs ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÔÅËÓÔ É ÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÍÉ. -÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ Á×ÔÏÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÂÒÁ× M-x auto fill mode. +÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ Á×ÔÏÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ, ÎÁÂÒÁ× M-x auto fill mode. ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ, ÅÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ - M-x auto fill mode. åÓÌÉ ÒÅÖÉÍ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ -- ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÅÇÏ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎ -- ×ËÌÀÞÉÔ. íÙ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍ ÜÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ "ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ". >> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ M-x auto fill mode. úÁÔÅÍ ××ÏÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÉÚ ÓÌÏ× - "ÆÙ×Á " ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ËÁË ÏÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ + "ÆÙ×Á " ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ, ËÁË ÏÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÙ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÒÅÖÉÍ Á×ÔÏÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁÍ. @@ -806,22 +805,22 @@ Emacs * ðïéóë ------- -Emacs ÕÍÅÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÉ (ÜÔÏ ÎÅÐÒÅÒÙ×ÎÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× ÉÌÉ ÓÌÏ×Á) ×ÐÅÒÅÄ -ÐÏ ÔÅËÓÔÕ, ÉÌÉ ÎÁÚÁÄ. ðÏÉÓË ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÜÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ; ÏÎÁ +Emacs ÕÍÅÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÉ (ÎÅÐÒÅÒÙ×ÎÙÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× ÉÌÉ ÓÌÏ×Á) ×ÐÅÒÅÄ +ÐÏ ÔÅËÓÔÕ, ÉÌÉ ÎÁÚÁÄ. ðÏÉÓË ÓÔÒÏËÉ - ÜÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ; ÏÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÅÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÔÏÞËÕ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÉÓËÏÍÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ. ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÐÏÉÓËÁ Emacs ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÄÒÕÇÉÈ -ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÏ× ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÉÎËÒÅÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÁÑ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÞÔÏ ÐÏÉÓË ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÏ -ÍÅÒÅ ÔÏÇÏ ËÁË ×Ù ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÅ ÉÓËÏÍÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ. +ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÏ× ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÉÎËÒÅÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÁÑ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÉÓË ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ +ÐÏ ÍÅÒÅ, ÔÏÇÏ ËÁË ×Ù ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÅ ÉÓËÏÍÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ. ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÁÑ ÐÏÉÓË ×ÐÅÒÅÄ -- C-s, Á C-r ÉÝÅÔ ÎÁÚÁÄ. ðïäïöäéôå! îÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÑÍÏ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ. -ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÎÁÖÍÅÔÅ C-s ×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ "I-search", ÐÏÑ×É×ÛÕÀÓÑ × ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ ÜÈÏ. -÷ÁÍ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔÓÑ ÞÔÏ Emacs ÖÄÅÔ ××ÏÄÁ ÓÌÏ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ. +ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÎÁÖÍÅÔÅ C-s, ×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ "I-search", ÐÏÑ×É×ÛÕÀÓÑ × ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ ÜÈÏ. +÷ÁÍ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ Emacs ÖÄÅÔ ××ÏÄÁ ÓÌÏ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ. ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÅÔ ÐÏÉÓË. ->> ôÅÐÅÒØ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-s ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÉÓËÁ. íÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ, ÏÄÎÕ ÂÕË×Õ ÚÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÒÁÚ, +>> ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-s ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÉÓËÁ. íÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ, ÏÄÎÕ ÂÕË×Õ ÚÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÒÁÚ, ÎÁÂÉÒÁÊÔÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï 'ËÕÒÓÏÒ', ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÑÓØ ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ××ÅÄÅÎÎÏÊ ÂÕË×Ù É ÚÁÍÅÞÁÑ ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ Ó ËÕÒÓÏÒÏÍ. óÅÊÞÁÓ ×Ù ÎÁÛÌÉ ÐÅÒ×ÏÅ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÓÌÏ×Á "ËÕÒÓÏÒ". @@ -829,38 +828,38 @@ Emacs >> ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÒÁÚÁ É ÐÒÏÓÌÅÄÉÔÅ ÚÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑÍÉ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ. >> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÄÌÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ. -÷Ù ×ÉÄÅÌÉ ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÌÏ? Emacs, × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÎËÒÅÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÉÓËÁ, ÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ -ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔØ Ë ÓÔÒÏËÁÍ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÀÝÉÍ Ó ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÍÏÊ ×ÁÍÉ, ÐÏÄÓ×ÅÞÉ×ÁÑ ÉÈ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÓ. +÷Ù ×ÉÄÅÌÉ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÌÏ? Emacs × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÎËÒÅÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ +ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔØ Ë ÓÔÒÏËÁÍ, ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÀÝÉÍ Ó ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÍÏÊ ×ÁÍÉ, ÐÏÄÓ×ÅÞÉ×ÁÑ ÉÈ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÓ. þÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÓÌÏ×Á 'ËÕÒÓÏÒ' ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-s -ÓÎÏ×Á. åÓÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅÔ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÊ, Emacs ÉÚÄÁÓÔ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÇÎÁÌ, É ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔ -ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛ ÐÏÉÓË ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÓÑ ("failing"), C-g ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË. +ÓÎÏ×Á. åÓÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅÔ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÊ, Emacs ÉÚÄÁÓÔ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÇÎÁÌ, É ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔ, +ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛ ÐÏÉÓË ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÓÑ ("failing"), C-g ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË. -úáíåþáîéå: îÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ××ÏÄ C-s ÚÁÍÏÒÏÚÉÔ ÜËÒÁÎ É ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ -ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ Emacs`Á. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÞÔÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ -"ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØ" ÉÍÅÎÕÅÍÕÀ "flow control" ÐÅÒÅÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÀÝÕÀ C-s É ÎÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÀÝÕÀ -ÜÔÏÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ Ë Emacs`Õ. äÌÑ ÒÁÚÍÏÒÏÚËÉ ÜËÒÁÎÁ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-q. óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ -"Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Emacs ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ËÁË -ÂÏÒÏÔØÓÑ Ó ÜÔÏÊ "ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ". +úáíåþáîéå: îÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ××ÏÄ C-s ÚÁÍÏÒÏÚÉÔ ÜËÒÁÎ, É ×Ù ÎÅ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ +ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ Emacs`Á. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ +"ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØ", ÉÍÅÎÕÅÍÕÀ "flow control", ÐÅÒÅÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÀÝÕÀ C-s É ÎÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÀÝÕÀ +ÜÔÏÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ Ë Emacs`Õ. äÌÑ ÒÁÚÍÏÒÏÚËÉ ÜËÒÁÎÁ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-q. óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ +"Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Emacs, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, +ËÁË ÂÏÒÏÔØÓÑ Ó ÜÔÏÊ "ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ". -åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÉÎËÒÅÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÎÁÖÍÅÔÅ , ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ +åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÉÎËÒÅÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÎÁÖÍÅÔÅ , ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ × ÉÓËÏÍÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÌÓÑ, É ÐÏÉÓË ×ÅÒÎÕÌÓÑ Ë ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍÕ -ÎÁÊÄÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÍÅÓÔÕ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÁÂÒÁÌÉ "c", ÐÏÉÓË ÐÅÒÅÊÄÅÔ Ë -ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ "c". ôÅÐÅÒØ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÂÅÒÅÔÅ "u", ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÐÅÒÅÊÄÅÔ Ë -ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÀ "cu". îÁÖÁÔÉÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ "u" ÉÈ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ, É -ËÕÒÓÏÒ ×ÅÒÎÅÔÓÑ Ë ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÀ "c". +ÎÁÊÄÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÍÅÓÔÕ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÁÂÒÁÌÉ "Ë", ÐÏÉÓË ÐÅÒÅÊÄÅÔ Ë +ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ "Ë". ôÅÐÅÒØ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÂÅÒÅÔÅ "Õ", ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÐÅÒÅÊÄÅÔ Ë +ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÀ "ËÕ". îÁÖÁÔÉÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ "Õ" ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ, É +ËÕÒÓÏÒ ×ÅÒÎÅÔÓÑ Ë ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÀ "Ë". åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ××ÅÄÅÔÅ control- ÉÌÉ meta- ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ (ÚÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ -- ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÉÓË, Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ C-s É C-r), ÐÏÉÓË ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÔÓÑ. C-s ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ ÐÏÉÓË É ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔ ÎÁ ÌÀÂÙÅ ×ÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÓËÏÍÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ðïóìå ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ -ÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÒÁÎÅÅ × ÔÅËÓÔÅ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-r. ÷ÓÅ -ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÌÉ Ï C-s ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÏ É Ë C-r, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÇÏ +ÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÒÁÎÅÅ × ÔÅËÓÔÅ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-r. +÷ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÌÉ Ï C-s, ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÏ É Ë C-r, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ. * íîïöåóô÷ï ïëïî (MULTIPLE WINDOWS) -------------------------------- +----------------------------------- ïÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÐÒÉÑÔÎÙÈ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ Emacs ÜÔÏ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÔØ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÏÄÎÏ ÏËÎÏ. @@ -868,7 +867,7 @@ C-s >> ðÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÎÁ ÜÔÕ ÌÉÎÉÀ, É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-u 0 C-l (ÜÔÏ CONTROL-L, Á ÎÅ CONTROL-1). ->> ôÅÐÅÒØ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x 2, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔ ÜËÒÁÎ ÎÁ Ä×Á ÏËÎÁ. +>> ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x 2, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔ ÜËÒÁÎ ÎÁ Ä×Á ÏËÎÁ. ïÂÁ ÏËÎÁ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÀÔ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË. ëÕÒÓÏÒ ÏÓÔÁÌÓÑ × ×ÅÒÈÎÅÍ ÏËÎÅ. >> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-M-v ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏËÒÕÔËÉ ÎÉÖÎÅÇÏ ÏËÎÁ. @@ -876,10 +875,10 @@ C-s >> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-x o ("o" ÏÔ ÓÌÏ×Á "other" - ÄÒÕÇÏÅ) ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ × ÎÉÖÎÅÅ ÏËÎÏ. ->> éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-v É M-v × ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÏËÎÅ ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏËÒÕÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ. +>> éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-v É M-v × ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÏËÎÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏËÒÕÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ. ðÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔÅ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ × ×ÅÒÈÎÅÍ ÏËÎÅ. ->> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-x o ÓÎÏ×Á ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÎÁÚÁÄ × ×ÅÒÈÎÅÅ ÏËÎÏ. +>> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-x o ÓÎÏ×Á, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÎÁÚÁÄ × ×ÅÒÈÎÅÅ ÏËÎÏ. ëÕÒÓÏÒ × ×ÅÒÈÎÅÍ ÏËÎÅ ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É ÂÙÌ ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÏËÎÁÍÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ C-x o. ëÁÖÄÏÅ @@ -892,9 +891,9 @@ C-s × ÏËÎÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÄ×ÉÇÁÔØÓÑ ×Ï ×ÔÏÒÏÍ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ C-M-v. -C-M-v ÐÒÉÍÅÒ CONTROL-META ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ. åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÁÑ ËÎÏÐËÁ META -(Alt), ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ C-M-v ÎÁÖÁ× ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ CONTROL É META É ÎÅ -ÏÔÐÕÓËÁÑ ÉÈ ÎÁÖÁÔØ v. é ÎÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ ËÁËÁÑ ÉÚ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÖÁÔÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ, +C-M-v - ÐÒÉÍÅÒ CONTROL-META ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ. åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÁÑ ËÎÏÐËÁ META +(Alt), ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ C-M-v, ÎÁÖÁ× ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ CONTROL É META É, +ÎÅ ÏÔÐÕÓËÁÑ ÉÈ, ÎÁÖÁÔØ v. é ÎÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, ËÁËÁÑ ÉÚ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÖÁÔÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ, CONTROL ÉÌÉ META, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÜÔÉ ËÎÏÐËÉ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÀÔ ÔÉÐ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ. åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÊ ËÎÏÐËÉ META, É ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ESC ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÅÅ, @@ -902,43 +901,43 @@ CONTROL CONTROL-ESC v ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ. ðÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ESC ÉÍÅÅÔ Ó×ÏÊ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ -- ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÀÝÁÑ ËÎÏÐËÁ. ->> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-x 1 (× ×ÅÒÈÎÅÍ ÏËÎÅ) ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÎÉÖÎÅÇÏ. +>> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-x 1 (× ×ÅÒÈÎÅÍ ÏËÎÅ), ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÎÉÖÎÅÇÏ. (åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÖÁÌÉ C-x 1 × ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÏËÎÅ, ÔÏ ×Ù ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÌÉÓØ ÏÔ ×ÅÒÈÎÅÇÏ. ðÏÎÉÍÁÊÔÅ -ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ËÁË "ïÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÏ ÏËÎÏ, ÔÏ × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ Ñ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÎÁÈÏÖÕÓØ"). +ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ËÁË "ïÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÏ ÏËÎÏ, ÔÏ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ Ñ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÎÁÈÏÖÕÓØ"). -÷ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÂÕÆÅÒ × ÏÂÏÉÈ ÏËÎÁÈ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ -C-x C-f ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÔËÒÙÔØ ÆÁÊÌ × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÏËÎÅ, ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÅÔÓÑ ÂÅÚ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ. ÷Ù -ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏËÎÅ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ. +÷ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÔØ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÂÕÆÅÒ × ÏÂÏÉÈ ÏËÎÁÈ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù +ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ C-x C-f, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÔËÒÙÔØ ÆÁÊÌ × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÏËÎÅ, ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÏÓÔÁÎÅÔÓÑ ÂÅÚ +ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÏËÎÅ ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ. -åÓÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÕÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Ä×Á ÏËÎÁ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÀÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ: +åÓÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÕÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Ä×Á ÏËÎÁ, ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÀÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ: ->> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x 4 C-f ÚÁÔÅÍ ÉÍÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ É ×ÁÛÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×. úÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÅ . - ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÞÔÏ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÓÑ × ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÏËÎÅ. ëÕÒÓÏÒ ÐÅÒÅÛÅÌ +>> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x 4 C-f, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÉÍÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ É ×ÁÛÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×. úÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÅ . + ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÓÑ × ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÏËÎÅ. ëÕÒÓÏÒ ÐÅÒÅÛÅÌ ÔÕÄÁ ÖÅ. ->> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x o ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ × ×ÅÒÈÎÅÅ ÏËÎÏ, É C-x 1 ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÎÉÖÎÅÅ - ÏËÎÏ. +>> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-x o, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ × ×ÅÒÈÎÅÅ ÏËÎÏ, É C-x 1, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ + ÎÉÖÎÅÅ ÏËÎÏ. * òåëõòóé÷îùå õòï÷îé òåäáëôéòï÷áîéñ (RECURSIVE EDITING LEVELS) -------------------------------------------------------------- éÎÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ "ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÙÅ ÕÒÏ×ÎÉ -ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ". îÁ ÜÔÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÐÒÑÍÏÕÇÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓËÏÂËÉ × ÓÔÒÏËÅ -ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ, ÏËÒÕÖÁÀÝÉÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÓËÏÂËÉ ×ÏËÒÕÇ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ -×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ [(Fundamental)] ×ÍÅÓÔÏ (Fundamental). +ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ". îÁ ÜÔÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÐÒÑÍÏÕÇÏÌØÎÙÅ ÓËÏÂËÉ × ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ, +ÏËÒÕÖÁÀÝÉÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÓËÏÂËÉ ×ÏËÒÕÇ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ +Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ [(Fundamental)] ×ÍÅÓÔÏ (Fundamental). -þÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ESC ESC ESC. üÔÏ -ÍÎÏÇÏÃÅÌÅ×ÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ "×ÙÈÏÄ". ÷Ù ÔÁË ÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÅ ËÁË ÄÌÑ +þÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ESC ESC ESC. üÔÏ +ÍÎÏÇÏÃÅÌÅ×ÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ "×ÙÈÏÄ". ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÅ ËÁË ÄÌÑ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÌÉÛÎÉÈ ÏËÏÎ, ÔÁË É ÄÌÑ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÉÚ ÍÉÎÉ-ÂÕÆÅÒÁ. ->> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ M-x ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÐÁÓÔØ × ÍÉÎÉ-ÂÕÆÅÒ; ÚÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ESC ESC ESC ÞÔÏÂÙ - ÐÏËÉÎÕÔØ ÅÇÏ. +>> îÁÖÍÉÔÅ M-x, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÐÁÓÔØ × ÍÉÎÉ-ÂÕÆÅÒ; ÚÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ESC ESC ESC, + ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏËÉÎÕÔØ ÅÇÏ. -÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ C-g ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÊ -ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. ðÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ C-g ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ É ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏ× -âåú ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. +÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ C-g, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÊ +ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. ðÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ C-g ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ É +ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏ× âåú ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. * ëáë ðïìõþéôø ðïíïýø (GETTING MORE HELP) @@ -953,10 +952,10 @@ C-x C-f ÐÏÍÏÝÉ". þÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ ðÏÍÏÝÉ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-h, É ÚÁÔÅÍ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ -ÒÁÓÓËÁÖÅÔ ËÁËÏÊ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ×ÉÄ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù äåêóô÷éôåìøîï -ÒÁÓÔÅÒÑÌÉÓØ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-h ? É Emacs ÒÁÓÓËÁÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ËÁËÕÀ ÐÏÍÏÝØ ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ +ÒÁÓÓËÁÖÅÔ, ËÁËÏÊ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ×ÉÄ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù äåêóô÷éôåìøîï +ÒÁÓÔÅÒÑÌÉÓØ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-h ?, É Emacs ÒÁÓÓËÁÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ËÁËÕÀ ÐÏÍÏÝØ ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÖÁÌÉ C-h É ÐÅÒÅÄÕÍÁÌÉ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÐÏÍÏÝÉ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ -ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-g ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ. +ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-g, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ. (ëÏÅ-ÇÄÅ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ C-h. òÅÁÌØÎÏÊ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ × ÜÔÏÍ ÎÅÔ, ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔÅ Ï ÎÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍÕ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÕ. ôÅÍ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÅÍ, ÅÓÌÉ C-h ÎÅ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ @@ -971,35 +970,35 @@ C-x C-f óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË C-p runs the command previous-line - (C-p ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ previous-line {ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÁÑ-ÌÉÎÉÑ}) + (C-p ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ previous-line {ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÁÑ-ÓÔÒÏËÁ}) -÷ÁÍ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÀÔ "ÉÍÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ". éÍÅÎÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÄÌÑ -ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ É ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ Emacs. éÍÅÎÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÙ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØ ÞÔÏ -ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ, ÔÁË ÖÅ ÏÎÉ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÜÔÏÊ ËÒÁÔËÏÊ +÷ÁÍ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÀÔ "ÉÍÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ". éÍÅÎÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÄÌÑ +ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ É ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ Emacs. éÍÅÎÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÙ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØ, +ÞÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ, ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÎÉ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÜÔÏÊ ËÒÁÔËÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÌÅÇÞÅ ÚÁÐÏÍÎÉÔØ ÕÖÅ ×ÙÕÞÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ. íÎÏÇÏÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË C-x C-s É (ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ËÎÏÐËÉ META ÉÌÉ -EDIT ÉÌÉ ALT) v ÔÁË ÖÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ C-h c. +EDIT ÉÌÉ ALT) v ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ C-h c. ðÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ C-h k ×ÍÅÓÔÏ C-h c. >> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-h k C-p. ÷Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÅÅ ÉÍÑ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÍ ÏËÎÅ Emacs. ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù -ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÅ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-x 1 ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ. ÷Ù +ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÅ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ C-x 1, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ËÁËÏÅ-ÔÏ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ, -Á ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÖÁÔØ C-x 1 +Á ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÖÁÔØ C-x 1. åÓÔØ ÅÝÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ C-h: - C-h f ïÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ. ÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ. + C-h f ïÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ. ÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ. >> ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ C-h f previous-line. üÔÏ ÒÁÓÐÅÞÁÔÁÅÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Emacs Ï ÜÔÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ C-p. áÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ C-h v ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ Ï ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ -ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Emacs. ÷ÙÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ +ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Emacs. ÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ, ËÏÇÄÁ Emacs ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔ ÅÇÏ. C-h a Hyper Apropos. ÷×ÅÄÉÔÅ ËÌÀÞÅ×ÏÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï É Emacs ÐÏËÁÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ @@ -1009,14 +1008,14 @@ EDIT >> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-h a file. -ÜÔÏ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÉÔ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ É ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÉÍÅÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔÓÑ Ó -"newline". îÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÉÌÉ ËÌÉËÎÉÔÅ ÓÒÅÄÎÅÊ ËÎÏÐËÏÊ ÍÙÛËÉ ÞÔÏÂÙ -ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ Ï ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ. îÁÖÍÉÔÅ `q' ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ -hyper-apropos. +ÜÔÏ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÉÔ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ É ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, ÉÍÅÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔÓÑ +Ó "newline". îÁÖÍÉÔÅ ÉÌÉ ËÌÉËÎÉÔÅ ÓÒÅÄÎÅÊ ËÎÏÐËÏÊ ÍÙÛËÉ, ÞÔÏÂÙ +ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ. îÁÖÍÉÔÅ `q', ÞÔÏÂÙ +×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ hyper-apropos. üÔÏ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÉÔ × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÏËÎÅ ÓÐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ M-x ÓÏ ÓÌÏ×ÏÍ "file" × ÉÈ -ÉÍÅÎÁÈ. ôÁËÖÅ × ÓÐÉÓËÅ, ËÒÏÍÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË find-file, ×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ -ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË C-x C-f. +ÉÍÅÎÁÈ. ôÁËÖÅ × ÓÐÉÓËÅ ËÒÏÍÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË find-file, ×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ +ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË C-x C-f. >> îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ C-M-v ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏËÒÕÔËÉ ÏËÎÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ. ÷ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ. @@ -1024,29 +1023,28 @@ hyper-apropos. C-h i þÉÔÁÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á (a.k.a. Info). üÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÂÕÆÅÒ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ `*info*', ÇÄÅ ×Ù - ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÄÌÑ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× + ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÄÌÑ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ m emacs ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÐÏ Emacs. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ Info, ÔÏ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ? É Emacs ÏÔËÒÏÅÔ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË ÐÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ Info. ïÄÎÁÖÄÙ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉ×ÛÉÓØ Ó ÜÔÉÍ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÏÍ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Emacs Info × - ËÁÞÅÔÓ×Å ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ. - + ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ. * úáëìàþåîéå ------------ -úÁÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ Emacs ÎÁÓÏ×ÓÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÞÅÔÁÎÉÅ C-x -C-c. á ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ×ÙÊÔÉ × ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ (shell) É ÐÏÔÏÍ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ, -ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-z. +úÁÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏ×ÓÅÍ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ Emacs, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÞÅÔÁÎÉÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ +C-x C-c. á ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ×ÙÊÔÉ × ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ (shell) É ÐÏÔÏÍ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ +ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ C-z. -üÔÏÔ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÎÑÔÅÎ ×ÓÅÍ ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÊÄÅÔÅ -ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÎÅÑÓÎÏÅ, ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÉÄÅÔØ É ÐÏÒÉÃÁÔØ ÓÅÂÑ -- ÖÁÌÕÊÔÅÓØ! +üÔÏÔ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÎÑÔÅÎ ×ÓÅÍ ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù +ÎÁÊÄÅÔÅ ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÎÅÑÓÎÏÅ, ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÉÄÅÔØ É ÐÏÒÉÃÁÔØ ÓÅÂÑ -- ÖÁÌÕÊÔÅÓØ! * COPYING -------- +--------- üÔÏÔ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË ÐÒÏÉÚÏÛÅÌ ÉÚ ÄÌÉÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÒÉÉ ÕÞÅÂÎÉËÏ× Emacs, ÎÁÞÁÔÏÊ Ó ÏÄÎÁÖÄÙ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÏÇÏ by Stuart Cracraft ÄÌÑ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ Emacs. @@ -1071,12 +1069,17 @@ Copyright (c) 1985, 1996 Free Software Foundation õÓÌÏ×ÉÑ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ Emacs ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÅ, ÎÏ × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÄÕÈÅ. ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ COPYING É ÚÁÔÅÍ ÄÁÊÔÅ ËÏÐÉÀ GNU Emacs ×ÁÛÉÍ ÄÒÕÚØÑÍ. ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÉÔØ ÏÂÓÔÒÕËÃÉÏÎÉÚÍ × ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ -ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ("×ÌÁÄÅÎÉÅ") ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÑ É ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÑ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ +ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ("×ÌÁÄÅÎÉÅ"), ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÑ É ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÑ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ! -// ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ, ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË Ó ÎÅÔÅÒÐÅÎÉÅÍ ÖÄÕ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ ottalex@beep.ru +// ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ, ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË Ó ÎÅÔÅÒÐÅÎÉÅÍ ÖÄÕ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ ottalex@narod.ru // Alex Ott. // âÏÌØÛÏÅ ÓÐÁÓÉÂÏ ÷ÌÁÄÉÍÉÒÕ âÏÒÍÏÔÏ×Õ, ÎÁ ÂÁÚÅ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÂÙÌ ÓÄÅÌÁÎ // ÜÔÏÔ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄ +;;; Local Variables: +;;; coding: cyrillic-koi8 +;;; sentence-end-double-space: nil +;;; End: + ;;; arch-tag: ad4e5698-ea8b-45b7-b236-ed5ad5b72d2b diff --git a/etc/TUTORIAL.sl b/etc/TUTORIAL.sl index ea901564a79..263019643db 100644 --- a/etc/TUTORIAL.sl +++ b/etc/TUTORIAL.sl @@ -1134,6 +1134,7 @@ pi ;;; Local Variables: ;;; coding: iso-latin-2 +;;; sentence-end-double-space: nil ;;; End: ;;; arch-tag: 985059e4-44c6-4ac9-b627-46c8db57acf6 diff --git a/etc/TUTORIAL.sv b/etc/TUTORIAL.sv index f4dcc842e5d..65d1548c378 100644 --- a/etc/TUTORIAL.sv +++ b/etc/TUTORIAL.sv @@ -1089,4 +1089,9 @@ same spirit. Please read the file COPYING and then do give copies of GNU Emacs to your friends. Help stamp out software obstructionism ("ownership") by using, writing, and sharing free software! +;;; Local Variables: +;;; coding: latin-1 +;;; sentence-end-double-space: nil +;;; End: + ;;; arch-tag: b352f774-622b-4cc6-85ce-43e3baf4fc1b diff --git a/etc/TUTORIAL.th b/etc/TUTORIAL.th index a5852296323..f3708c9d60f 100644 --- a/etc/TUTORIAL.th +++ b/etc/TUTORIAL.th @@ -1005,4 +1005,8 @@ virach@nectec.or.th Translate - January 1999 by Virach Sornlertlamvanich +;;; Local Variables: +;;; sentence-end-double-space: nil +;;; End: + ;;; arch-tag: 79ad252a-448a-4dc9-a4cb-2097dd1ec014 diff --git a/etc/TUTORIAL.translators b/etc/TUTORIAL.translators index b4d26c85ca5..0e4f2d4e124 100644 --- a/etc/TUTORIAL.translators +++ b/etc/TUTORIAL.translators @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ TUTORIAL.ko: Koaunghi Un TUTORIAL.nl: Pieter Schoenmakers TUTORIAL.pl: BeatÄ™ WierzchoÅ‚owskÄ… Janusz S. Bien +TUTORIAL.pt_BR: Marcelo Toledo TUTORIAL.ro: Tudor Hulubei TUTORIAL.ru: Alex Ott TUTORIAL.sk: Miroslav VaÅ¡ko diff --git a/etc/compilation.txt b/etc/compilation.txt index 6420580fe6d..ff86583299d 100644 --- a/etc/compilation.txt +++ b/etc/compilation.txt @@ -91,6 +91,16 @@ symbol: comma "src/swapping.c", line 30.34: 1506-342 (W) "/*" detected in comment. +* EDG C/C++ + +symbol: edg-1 edg-2 + +build/intel/debug/../../../struct.cpp(42): error: identifier "foo" is undefined +build/intel/debug/../../../struct.cpp(44): warning #1011: missing return statement at end of ... +build/intel/debug/../../../iptr.h(302): remark #981: operands are evaluated in unspecified order + detected during ... at line 62 of "build/intel/debug/../../../trace.h" + + * EPC F90 compiler symbol: epc @@ -120,6 +130,7 @@ foo.c(5:5) : error EDC0350: Syntax error. symbol: irix ccom: Error: foo.c, line 2: syntax error +cc: Severe: /src/Python-2.3.3/Modules/_curses_panel.c, line 17: Cannot find file ... cc: Info: foo.c, line 27: ... cfe: Warning 712: foo.c, line 2: illegal combination of pointer and ... cfe: Warning 600: xfe.c: 170: Not in a conditional directive while ... @@ -194,6 +205,7 @@ foo.c:8.23-9.1: message jade:dbcommon.dsl:133:17:E: missing argument for function call G:/cygwin/dev/build-myproj.xml:54: Compiler Adapter 'javac' can't be found. file:G:/cygwin/dev/build-myproj.xml:54: Compiler Adapter 'javac' can't be found. +{standard input}:27041: Warning: end of file not at end of a line; newline inserted * Lucid Compiler, lcc 3.x @@ -241,7 +253,17 @@ d:\tmp\test.c(23) : error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before 'if' symbol: oracle +This stupid precompiler wraps lines at column 80 in the middle of a file name. +There is no obvious way of detecting this or turning it off. But if you +delete the newline, the file name will automatically be reparsed, so that you +can then go there. + Semantic error at line 528, column 5, file erosacqdb.pc: +Error at line 41, column 10 in file /usr/src/sb/ODBI_BHP.hpp +PCC-02150: error at line 49, column 27 in file /usr/src/sb/ODBI_dxfgh.pc +PCC-00003: invalid SQL Identifier at column name in line 12 of file /usr/src/sb/ODBI_BHP.hpp +PCC-00004: mismatched IF/ELSE/ENDIF block at line 27 in file /usr/src/sb/ODBI_BHP.hpp +PCC-02151: line 21 column 40 file /usr/src/sb/ODBI_BHP.hpp: * Perl @@ -298,14 +320,6 @@ symbol: sun-ada /home3/xdhar/rcds_rc/main.a, line 361, char 6:syntax error: "," inserted -* Ultrix 3.0 f77 & Some SGI cc version - -symbol: ultrix - -fort: Severe: addstf.f, line 82: Missing operator or delimiter symbol -cfe: Warning 835: foo.c, line 2: something - - * 4.3BSD grep, cc, lint symbol: 4bsd diff --git a/etc/emacs.py b/etc/emacs.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d672dbf63cb --- /dev/null +++ b/etc/emacs.py @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +"""Definitions used by commands sent to inferior Python in python.el.""" + +# Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +# Author: Dave Love + +# This file is part of GNU Emacs. + +# GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) +# any later version. + +# GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. + +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the +# Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, +# Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + +import os, sys, traceback, inspect, rlcompleter, __main__ + +__all__ = ["eexecfile", "args", "complete", "ehelp", "eimport"] + +def eexecfile (file): + """Execute FILE and then remove it. + If we get an exception, print a traceback with the top frame + (oursleves) excluded.""" + try: + try: execfile (file, globals (), globals ()) + except: + (type, value, tb) = sys.exc_info () + # Lose the stack frame for this location. + tb = tb.tb_next + if tb is None: # print_exception won't do it + print "Traceback (most recent call last):" + traceback.print_exception (type, value, tb) + finally: + os.remove (file) + +def eargs (name): + "Get arglist of NAME for Eldoc &c." + try: + parts = name.split ('.') + if len (parts) > 1: + exec 'import ' + parts[0] # might fail + func = eval (name) + if inspect.isbuiltin (func): + doc = func.__doc__ + if doc.find (' ->') != -1: + print '_emacs_out', doc.split (' ->')[0] + elif doc.find ('\n') != -1: + print '_emacs_out', doc.split ('\n')[0] + return + if inspect.ismethod (func): + func = func.im_func + if not inspect.isfunction (func): + return + (args, varargs, varkw, defaults) = inspect.getargspec (func) + # No space between name and arglist for consistency with builtins. + print '_emacs_out', \ + func.__name__ + inspect.formatargspec (args, varargs, varkw, + defaults) + except: pass + +def complete (text, namespace = None): + """Complete TEXT in NAMESPACE and print a Lisp list of completions. + NAMESPACE is currently not used.""" + if namespace is None: namespace = __main__.__dict__ + c = rlcompleter.Completer (namespace) + try: + if '.' in text: + matches = c.attr_matches (text) + else: + matches = c.global_matches (text) + print '_emacs_out (', + for elt in matches: + print '"%s"' % elt, + print ')' + except: + print '_emacs_out ()' + +def ehelp (name): + """Get help on string NAME. + First try to eval name for, e.g. user definitions where we need + the object. Otherwise try the string form.""" + try: help (eval (name)) + except: help (name) + +def eimport (mod, dir): + """Import module MOD with directory DIR at the head of the search path. + NB doesn't load from DIR if MOD shadows a system module.""" + path0 = sys.path[0] + sys.path[0] = dir + try: + try: + if globals().has_key(mod) and inspect.ismodule (eval (mod)): + reload(eval (mod)) + else: + globals ()[mod] = __import__ (mod) + except: + (type, value, tb) = sys.exc_info () + print "Traceback (most recent call last):" + traceback.print_exception (type, value, tb.tb_next) + finally: + sys.path[0] = path0 + +print '_emacs_ok' # ready for input and can call continuation + +# arch-tag: d90408f3-90e2-4de4-99c2-6eb9c7b9ca46 diff --git a/etc/ru-refcard.ps b/etc/ru-refcard.ps new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..201708fda8a --- /dev/null +++ b/etc/ru-refcard.ps @@ -0,0 +1,2087 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-2.0 +%%Creator: dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software +%%Title: ru-refcard.dvi +%%Pages: 6 +%%PageOrder: Ascend +%%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842 +%%DocumentFonts: CMSY10 CMMI10 CMSY8 +%%EndComments +%DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com) +%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips ru-refcard.dvi +%DVIPSParameters: dpi=600, compressed +%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2004.05.16:0847 +%%BeginProcSet: texc.pro +%! +/TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S +N}B/A{dup}B/TR{translate}N/isls false N/vsize 11 72 mul N/hsize 8.5 72 +mul N/landplus90{false}def/@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1}ifelse 0 +0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{ +landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize +mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR[ +matrix currentmatrix{A A round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if}forall round +exch round exch]setmatrix}N/@landscape{/isls true N}B/@manualfeed{ +statusdict/manualfeed true put}B/@copies{/#copies X}B/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0] +N/FBB[0 0 0 0]N/nn 0 N/IEn 0 N/ctr 0 N/df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin +/FontType 3 N/FontMatrix fntrx N/FontBBox FBB N string/base X array +/BitMaps X/BuildChar{CharBuilder}N/Encoding IEn N end A{/foo setfont}2 +array copy cvx N load 0 nn put/ctr 0 N[}B/sf 0 N/df{/sf 1 N/fntrx FMat N +df-tail}B/dfs{div/sf X/fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B/E{pop nn A +definefont setfont}B/Cw{Cd A length 5 sub get}B/Ch{Cd A length 4 sub get +}B/Cx{128 Cd A length 3 sub get sub}B/Cy{Cd A length 2 sub get 127 sub} +B/Cdx{Cd A length 1 sub get}B/Ci{Cd A type/stringtype ne{ctr get/ctr ctr +1 add N}if}B/id 0 N/rw 0 N/rc 0 N/gp 0 N/cp 0 N/G 0 N/CharBuilder{save 3 +1 roll S A/base get 2 index get S/BitMaps get S get/Cd X pop/ctr 0 N Cdx +0 Cx Cy Ch sub Cx Cw add Cy setcachedevice Cw Ch true[1 0 0 -1 -.1 Cx +sub Cy .1 sub]/id Ci N/rw Cw 7 add 8 idiv string N/rc 0 N/gp 0 N/cp 0 N{ +rc 0 ne{rc 1 sub/rc X rw}{G}ifelse}imagemask restore}B/G{{id gp get/gp +gp 1 add N A 18 mod S 18 idiv pl S get exec}loop}B/adv{cp add/cp X}B +/chg{rw cp id gp 4 index getinterval putinterval A gp add/gp X adv}B/nd{ +/cp 0 N rw exit}B/lsh{rw cp 2 copy get A 0 eq{pop 1}{A 255 eq{pop 254}{ +A A add 255 and S 1 and or}ifelse}ifelse put 1 adv}B/rsh{rw cp 2 copy +get A 0 eq{pop 128}{A 255 eq{pop 127}{A 2 idiv S 128 and or}ifelse} +ifelse put 1 adv}B/clr{rw cp 2 index string putinterval adv}B/set{rw cp +fillstr 0 4 index getinterval putinterval adv}B/fillstr 18 string 0 1 17 +{2 copy 255 put pop}for N/pl[{adv 1 chg}{adv 1 chg nd}{1 add chg}{1 add +chg nd}{adv lsh}{adv lsh nd}{adv rsh}{adv rsh nd}{1 add adv}{/rc X nd}{ +1 add set}{1 add clr}{adv 2 chg}{adv 2 chg nd}{pop nd}]A{bind pop} +forall N/D{/cc X A type/stringtype ne{]}if nn/base get cc ctr put nn +/BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne{A A length 1 sub A 2 index S get sf div put +}if put/ctr ctr 1 add N}B/I{cc 1 add D}B/bop{userdict/bop-hook known{ +bop-hook}if/SI save N @rigin 0 0 moveto/V matrix currentmatrix A 1 get A +mul exch 0 get A mul add .99 lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N/eop{ +SI restore userdict/eop-hook known{eop-hook}if showpage}N/@start{ +userdict/start-hook known{start-hook}if pop/VResolution X/Resolution X +1000 div/DVImag X/IEn 256 array N 2 string 0 1 255{IEn S A 360 add 36 4 +index cvrs cvn put}for pop 65781.76 div/vsize X 65781.76 div/hsize X}N +/p{show}N/RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N/BDot 260 string N/Rx 0 N/Ry 0 N/V{}B/RV/v{ +/Ry X/Rx X V}B statusdict begin/product where{pop false[(Display)(NeXT) +(LaserWriter 16/600)]{A length product length le{A length product exch 0 +exch getinterval eq{pop true exit}if}{pop}ifelse}forall}{false}ifelse +end{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR 1 1 scale Rx Ry false RMat{BDot}imagemask +grestore}}{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR Rx Ry scale 1 1 false RMat{BDot} +imagemask grestore}}ifelse B/QV{gsave newpath transform round exch round +exch itransform moveto Rx 0 rlineto 0 Ry neg rlineto Rx neg 0 rlineto +fill grestore}B/a{moveto}B/delta 0 N/tail{A/delta X 0 rmoveto}B/M{S p +delta add tail}B/b{S p tail}B/c{-4 M}B/d{-3 M}B/e{-2 M}B/f{-1 M}B/g{0 M} +B/h{1 M}B/i{2 M}B/j{3 M}B/k{4 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