; Grammar fixes ("allow to" et al)

Ref:
https://lists.gnu.org/r/emacs-devel/2016-01/msg01598.html
https://lists.gnu.org/r/emacs-devel/2016-01/msg01465.html

build-aux/gitlog-to-changelog

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #
 # Written by Jim Meyering
 
-# This is a prologue that allows to run a perl script as an executable
+# This is a prologue that allows running a perl script as an executable
 # on systems that are compliant to a POSIX version before POSIX:2017.
 # On such systems, the usual invocation of an executable through execlp()
 # or execvp() fails with ENOEXEC if it is a script that does not start

build-aux/update-copyright

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 #   5. Set UPDATE_COPYRIGHT_HOLDER if the copyright holder is other
 #      than "Free Software Foundation, Inc.".
 
-# This is a prologue that allows to run a perl script as an executable
+# This is a prologue that allows running a perl script as an executable
 # on systems that are compliant to a POSIX version before POSIX:2017.
 # On such systems, the usual invocation of an executable through execlp()
 # or execvp() fails with ENOEXEC if it is a script that does not start

doc/emacs/killing.texi

@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ way to move or copy text is to kill it and then yank it elsewhere.
 Yank the last kill into the buffer, at point (@code{yank}).
 @item M-y
 Either replace the text just yanked with an earlier batch of killed
-text (@code{yank-pop}), or allow to select from the list of
+text (@code{yank-pop}), or allow selecting from the list of
 previously-killed batches of text.  @xref{Earlier Kills}.
 @item C-M-w
 Cause the following command, if it is a kill command, to append to the

doc/emacs/maintaining.texi

@@ -1804,7 +1804,7 @@ prompt you for the project directory.
 @vindex vc-directory-exclusion-list
   The command @kbd{C-x p f} (@code{project-find-file}) is a convenient
 way of visiting files (@pxref{Visiting}) that belong to the current
-project.  Unlike @kbd{C-x C-f}, this command doesn't require to type
+project.  Unlike @kbd{C-x C-f}, this command doesn't require typing
 the full file name of the file to visit, you can type only the file's
 base name (i.e., omit the leading directories).  In addition, the
 completion candidates considered by the command include only the files

doc/lispref/compile.texi

@@ -801,9 +801,9 @@ Compilation, the previous chapter}, Emacs can also optionally compile
 Lisp function definitions into a true compiled code, known as
 @dfn{native code}.  This feature uses the @file{libgccjit} library,
 which is part of the GCC distribution, and requires that Emacs be
-built with support for using that library.  It also requires to have
+built with support for using that library.  It also requires GCC and
-GCC and Binutils (the assembler and linker) available on your system
+Binutils (the assembler and linker) to be available on your system for
-for you to be able to native-compile Lisp code.
+you to be able to native-compile Lisp code.
 
 @vindex native-compile@r{, a Lisp feature}
   To determine whether the current Emacs process can produce and load

doc/lispref/display.texi

@@ -9028,7 +9028,7 @@ Bidirectionality'' class implementation of the @acronym{UBA},
 consistent with the requirements of the Unicode Standard v9.0.  Note,
 however, that the way Emacs displays continuation lines when text
 direction is opposite to the base paragraph direction deviates from
-the UBA, which requires to perform line wrapping before reordering
+the UBA, which requires performing line wrapping before reordering
 text for display.
 
 @defvar bidi-display-reordering

doc/lispref/frames.texi

@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ frames (@pxref{Child Frames}) and @code{undecorated} or
 Outer borders are never shown on text terminal frames and on frames
 generated by GTK+ routines.  On MS-Windows, the outer border is emulated
 with the help of a one pixel wide external border.  Non-toolkit builds
-on X allow to change the color of the outer border by setting the
+on X allow changing the color of the outer border by setting the
 @code{border-color} frame parameter (@pxref{Layout Parameters}).
 
 @item Title Bar
@@ -1000,12 +1000,12 @@ Negative parameter values position the right edge of the outer frame by
 frame's native rectangle) and the bottom edge by @var{-y} pixels up from
 the bottom edge of the screen (or the parent frame's native rectangle).
 
-Note that negative values do not permit to align the right or bottom
+Note that negative values do not permit aligning the right or bottom
 edge of @var{frame} exactly at the right or bottom edge of its display
-or parent frame.  Neither do they allow to specify a position that does
+or parent frame.  Neither do they allow specifying a position that does
 not lie within the edges of the display or parent frame.  The frame
 parameters @code{left} and @code{top} (@pxref{Position Parameters})
-allow to do that, but may still fail to provide good results for the
+allow doing that, but may still fail to provide good results for the
 initial or a new frame.
 
 This function has no effect on text terminal frames.
@@ -3441,7 +3441,7 @@ dragging the frame via the header line area of its topmost window.
 
   In order to give a child frame a draggable header or mode line, the
 window parameters @code{mode-line-format} and @code{header-line-format}
-are handy (@pxref{Window Parameters}).  These allow to remove an
+are handy (@pxref{Window Parameters}).  These allow removing an
 unwanted mode line (when @code{drag-with-header-line} is chosen) and to
 remove mouse-sensitive areas which might interfere with frame dragging.
 

doc/lispref/internals.texi

@@ -1567,7 +1567,7 @@ return values from module functions.  For this purpose, the module
 Emacs Lisp objects communicated via the @acronym{API}; it is the
 functional equivalent of the @code{Lisp_Object} type used in Emacs C
 primitives (@pxref{Writing Emacs Primitives}).  This section describes
-the parts of the module @acronym{API} that allow to create
+the parts of the module @acronym{API} that allow creating
 @code{emacs_value} objects corresponding to basic Lisp data types, and
 how to access from C data in @code{emacs_value} objects that
 correspond to Lisp objects.

doc/lispref/nonascii.texi

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ This function is similar to @code{position-bytes}, but instead of byte
 position in the current buffer it returns the offset from the
 beginning of the current buffer's file of the byte that corresponds to
 the given character @var{position} in the buffer.  The conversion
-requires to know how the text is encoded in the buffer's file; this is
+requires knowing how the text is encoded in the buffer's file; this is
 what the @var{coding-system} argument is for, defaulting to the value
 of @code{buffer-file-coding-system}.  The optional argument
 @var{quality} specifies how accurate the result should be; it should
@@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ the text to be written cannot be safely encoded using the coding system
 specified by this variable, these operations select an alternative
 encoding by calling the function @code{select-safe-coding-system}
 (@pxref{User-Chosen Coding Systems}).  If selecting a different encoding
-requires to ask the user to specify a coding system,
+requires asking the user to specify a coding system,
 @code{buffer-file-coding-system} is updated to the newly selected coding
 system.
 

doc/lispref/processes.texi

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ but all the 3 primitives allow optionally to direct the standard error
 stream to a different destination.
 
 @cindex program arguments
-  All three of the subprocess-creating functions allow to specify
+  All three of the subprocess-creating functions allow specifying
 command-line arguments for the process to run. For @code{call-process}
 and @code{call-process-region}, these come in the form of a
 @code{&rest} argument, @var{args}.  For @code{make-process}, both the
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ This user option indicates whether a call of @code{process-file}
 returns a string describing the signal interrupting a remote process.
 
 When a process returns an exit code greater than 128, it is
-interpreted as a signal.  @code{process-file} requires to return a
+interpreted as a signal.  @code{process-file} requires returning a
 string describing this signal.
 
 Since there are processes violating this rule, returning exit codes

doc/lispref/variables.texi

@@ -1891,7 +1891,7 @@ This makes its global value shadowed by the binding;
 @code{default-value} will then return the value from that binding, not
 the global value, and @code{set-default} will be prevented from
 setting the global value (it will change the let-bound value instead).
-The following two functions allow to reference the global value even
+The following two functions allow referencing the global value even
 if it's shadowed by a let-binding.
 
 @cindex top-level default value

doc/lispref/windows.texi

@@ -2847,8 +2847,8 @@ the left edge coordinate of the reference window.  Its left edge
 coordinate would equal the left edge coordinate of the frame's new
 root window.
 
-Four special values for @code{direction} entries allow to implicitly
+Four special values for @code{direction} entries allow implicitly
-specify the selected frame's main window as the reference window:
+specifying the selected frame's main window as the reference window:
 @code{leftmost}, @code{top}, @code{rightmost} and @code{bottom}.  This
 means that instead of, for example, @w{@code{(direction . left)
 (window . main)}} one can just specify @w{@code{(direction
@@ -4596,7 +4596,7 @@ window and a number of side windows surrounding that main window.  The
 main window is either a ``normal'' live window or specifies the area
 containing all the normal windows.
 
-   In their most simple form of use, side windows allow to display
+   In their most simple form of use, side windows allow displaying
 specific buffers always in the same area of a frame.  Hence they can
 be regarded as a generalization of the concept provided by
 @code{display-buffer-at-bottom} (@pxref{Buffer Display Action
@@ -6188,7 +6188,7 @@ and never deselects the active minibuffer window.
 
 Mouse auto-selection can be used to emulate a focus follows mouse policy
 for child frames (@pxref{Child Frames}) which usually are not tracked by
-the window manager.  This requires to set the value of
+the window manager.  This requires setting the value of
 @code{focus-follows-mouse} (@pxref{Input Focus}) to a non-@code{nil}
 value.  If the value of @code{focus-follows-mouse} is @code{auto-raise},
 entering a child frame with the mouse will raise it automatically above
@@ -6341,7 +6341,7 @@ and/or two columns.
 @end defun
 
 The functions @code{window-state-get} and @code{window-state-put} also
-allow to exchange the contents of two live windows.  The following
+allow exchanging the contents of two live windows.  The following
 function does precisely that:
 
 @deffn Command window-swap-states &optional window-1 window-2 size

doc/misc/org.org

@@ -9431,7 +9431,7 @@ the estimated effort of an entry (see [[*Effort Estimates]]).
 #+vindex: org-agenda-effort-filter-preset
 #+vindex: org-agenda-regexp-filter-preset
 Agenda built-in or custom commands are statically defined.  Agenda
-filters and limits allow to flexibly narrow down the list of agenda
+filters and limits allow flexibly narrowing down the list of agenda
 entries.
 
 /Filters/ only change the visibility of items, are very fast and are

doc/misc/tramp.texi

@@ -2366,7 +2366,7 @@ connection information}.  If you want, for example, use
 @end group
 @end lisp
 
-This works only for connection methods which allow to override the
+This works only for connection methods which allow overriding the
 remote login shell, like @option{sshx} or @option{plink}.  See
 @ref{Inline methods} and @ref{External methods} for connection methods
 which support this.

etc/NEWS

@@ -456,8 +456,8 @@ sandboxes provided by Flatpak.
 The host name for Kubernetes connections can be of kind [CONTAINER.]POD,
 in order to specify a dedicated container.  If there is just the pod
 name, the first container in the pod is taken.  The new user options
-'tramp-kubernetes-context' and 'tramp-kubernetes-namespace' allow to
+'tramp-kubernetes-context' and 'tramp-kubernetes-namespace' allow
-access pods with different context or namespace but the default one.
+accessing pods with different context or namespace but the default one.
 
 +++
 *** Rename 'tramp-use-ssh-controlmaster-options' to 'tramp-use-connection-share'.
@@ -649,9 +649,10 @@ This keyword enables the user to install packages using 'package-vc'.
 *** New commands for reading mailing lists.
 The new Rmail commands 'rmail-mailing-list-post',
 'rmail-mailing-list-unsubscribe', 'rmail-mailing-list-help', and
-'rmail-mailing-list-archive' allow to, respectively, post to,
+'rmail-mailing-list-archive' allow, respectively, posting to,
-unsubscribe from, request help about, and browse the archives, of the
+unsubscribing from, requesting help about, and browsing the archives
-mailing list from which the current email message was delivered.
+of, the mailing list from which the current email message was
+delivered.
 
 ** Dictionary
 
@@ -746,7 +747,7 @@ of the accessibility of remote files can now time out if
 ** Notifications
 
 +++
-*** Allow to use Icon Naming Specification for ':app-icon'.
+*** Allow using Icon Naming Specification for ':app-icon'.
 You can use a symbol as the value for ':app-icon' to provide icon name
 without specifying a file, like this:
 

etc/NEWS.20

@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ for large documents), you can reuse these buffers by setting
 
 *** References to external documents.
 
-The LaTeX package 'xr' allows to cross-reference labels in external
+The LaTeX package 'xr' allows cross-referencing labels in external
 documents.  RefTeX can provide information about the external
 documents as well.  To use this feature, set up the \externaldocument
 macros required by the 'xr' package and rescan the document with
@@ -3260,7 +3260,7 @@ can connect to an Emacs server started by a non-root user.
 it to return immediately without waiting for you to "finish" the
 buffer in Emacs.
 
-*** The new option --alternate-editor allows to specify an editor to
+*** The new option --alternate-editor allows specifying an editor to
 use if Emacs is not running.  The environment variable
 ALTERNATE_EDITOR can be used for the same effect; the command line
 option takes precedence.

etc/NEWS.21

@@ -1424,7 +1424,7 @@ digest message.
 *** The new user option 'rmail-automatic-folder-directives' specifies
 in which folder to put messages automatically.
 
-*** The new function 'rmail-redecode-body' allows to fix a message
+*** The new function 'rmail-redecode-body' allows fixing a message
 with non-ASCII characters if Emacs happens to decode it incorrectly
 due to missing or malformed "charset=" header.
 
@@ -1437,7 +1437,7 @@ use the -f option when sending mail.
 ** The Rmail command 'o' ('rmail-output-to-rmail-file') now writes the
 current message in the internal 'emacs-mule' encoding, rather than in
 the encoding taken from the variable 'buffer-file-coding-system'.
-This allows to save messages whose characters cannot be safely encoded
+This allows saving messages whose characters cannot be safely encoded
 by the buffer's coding system, and makes sure the message will be
 displayed correctly when you later visit the target Rmail file.
 
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ other than 'emacs-mule', you can customize the variable
     sorted *Index* buffer which looks like the final index.  Entries
     can be edited from that buffer.
 
-*** Label and citation key selection now allow to select several
+*** Label and citation key selection now allow selecting several
     items and reference them together (use 'm' to mark items, 'a' or
     'A' to use all marked entries).
 
@@ -1804,7 +1804,7 @@ to phrases and to highlight entire lines containing a match.
 *** The new package zone.el plays games with Emacs' display when
 Emacs is idle.
 
-*** The new package tildify.el allows to add hard spaces or other text
+*** The new package tildify.el allows adding hard spaces or other text
 fragments in accordance with the current major mode.
 
 *** The new package xml.el provides a simple but generic XML
@@ -1826,7 +1826,7 @@ provides an alternative interface to VC-dired for CVS.  It comes with
 'log-view-mode' to view RCS and SCCS logs and 'log-edit-mode' used to
 enter check-in log messages.
 
-*** The new package called 'woman' allows to browse Unix man pages
+*** The new package called 'woman' allows browsing Unix man pages
 without invoking external programs.
 
 The command `M-x woman' formats manual pages entirely in Emacs Lisp
@@ -2011,8 +2011,8 @@ recent file list can be displayed:
 - sorted by file paths, file names, ascending or descending.
 - showing paths relative to the current default-directory
 
-The 'recentf-filter-changer' menu filter function allows to
+The 'recentf-filter-changer' menu filter function allows
-dynamically change the menu appearance.
+dynamically changing the menu appearance.
 
 *** 'elide-head' provides a mechanism for eliding boilerplate header
 text.
@@ -2139,7 +2139,7 @@ new command M-x strokes-list-strokes.
 ** Hexl contains a new command 'hexl-insert-hex-string' which inserts
 a string of hexadecimal numbers read from the mini-buffer.
 
-** Hexl mode allows to insert non-ASCII characters.
+** Hexl mode allows inserting non-ASCII characters.
 
 The non-ASCII characters are encoded using the same encoding as the
 file you are visiting in Hexl mode.
@@ -2369,7 +2369,7 @@ allows the animated display of strings.
 ** The new function 'interactive-form' can be used to obtain the
 interactive form of a function.
 
-** The keyword :set-after in defcustom allows to specify dependencies
+** The keyword :set-after in defcustom allows specifying dependencies
 between custom options.  Example:
 
   (defcustom default-input-method nil
@@ -3629,7 +3629,7 @@ Each face can specify the following display attributes:
    13. Whether or not a box should be drawn around characters, its
    color, the width of the box lines, and 3D appearance.
 
-Faces are frame-local by nature because Emacs allows to define the
+Faces are frame-local by nature because Emacs allows defining the
 same named face (face names are symbols) differently for different
 frames.  Each frame has an alist of face definitions for all named
 faces.  The value of a named face in such an alist is a Lisp vector

etc/NEWS.22

@@ -2408,7 +2408,7 @@ called with a prefix argument.  Related new options are
 
 The new command 'reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
 with all entries referenced in the current document.  The keys "e" and
-"E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
+"E" allow producing a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
 citation selection buffer.
 
 The command 'reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the

etc/NEWS.23

@@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@ of the region to comment, rather than the leftmost column.
 *** The new commands 'pp-macroexpand-expression' and
 'pp-macroexpand-last-sexp' pretty-print macro expansions.
 
-*** The new command 'set-file-modes' allows to set file's mode bits.
+*** The new command 'set-file-modes' allows setting file's mode bits.
 The mode bits can be specified in symbolic notation, like with GNU
 Coreutils, in addition to an octal number.  'chmod' is a new
 convenience alias for this function.
@@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ authentication respectively.
 *** New macro 'with-help-window' should set up help windows better
 than 'with-output-to-temp-buffer' with 'print-help-return-message'.
 
-*** New option 'help-window-select' permits to customize whether help
+*** New option 'help-window-select' permits customizing whether help
 window shall be automatically selected when invoking help.
 
 *** New variable 'help-window-point-marker' permits one to specify a new
@@ -1670,7 +1670,7 @@ Previously, this information was hidden.
 ** TeX modes
 
 *** New option 'latex-indent-within-escaped-parens'
-permits to customize indentation of LaTeX environments delimited
+permits customizing indentation of LaTeX environments delimited
 by escaped parens.
 
 ** T-mouse Mode
@@ -1726,7 +1726,7 @@ and Bzr.  VC will now pass a multiple-file commit to these systems as
 a single changeset.
 
 *** 'vc-dir' is a new command that displays file names and their VC
-status.  It allows to apply various VC operations to a file, a
+status.  It allows applying various VC operations to a file, a
 directory or a set of files/directories.
 
 *** VC switches are no longer appended, rather the first non-nil value is used.

etc/NEWS.24

@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ name and arguments.
 
 ** Tramp
 
-*** New connection method "adb", which allows to access Android
+*** New connection method "adb", which allows accessing Android
 devices by the Android Debug Bridge.  The variable 'tramp-adb-program'
 can be used to adapt the path of the "adb" program, if needed.
 
@@ -2703,12 +2703,12 @@ specified by 'display-buffer-fallback-action'.
 display actions, taking precedence over 'display-buffer-base-action'.
 
 *** New option 'window-combination-limit'.
-The new option 'window-combination-limit' allows to return the space
+The new option 'window-combination-limit' allows returning the space
 obtained for resizing or creating a window more reliably to the window
 from which such space was obtained.
 
 *** New option 'window-combination-resize'.
-The new option 'window-combination-resize' allows to split a window that
+The new option 'window-combination-resize' allows splitting a window that
 otherwise cannot be split because it's too small by stealing space from
 other windows in the same combination.  Subsequent resizing or deletion
 of the window will resize all windows in the same combination as well.
@@ -2721,7 +2721,7 @@ frame, or quitting a window showing a buffer in a frame of its own.
 These maximize and minimize the size of a window within its frame.
 
 *** New commands 'switch-to-prev-buffer' and 'switch-to-next-buffer'.
-These functions allow to navigate through the live buffers that have
+These functions allow navigating through the live buffers that have
 been shown in a specific window.
 
 ** Minibuffer changes
@@ -3496,7 +3496,7 @@ and 'window-body-height' are provided.
 For each window you can specify a parameter to override the default
 behavior of a number of functions like 'split-window', 'delete-window'
 and 'delete-other-windows'.  The variable 'ignore-window-parameters'
-allows to ignore processing such parameters.
+allows ignoring processing such parameters.
 
 *** New semantics of third argument of 'split-window'.
 The third argument of 'split-window' has been renamed to SIDE and can be
@@ -3554,7 +3554,7 @@ are user-customizable variables.
 See the docstring of 'display-buffer' for details.
 
 *** New functions 'window-state-get' and 'window-state-put'.
-These functions allow to save and restore the state of an arbitrary
+These functions allow saving and restoring the state of an arbitrary
 frame or window as an Elisp object.
 
 ** Completion

etc/NEWS.26

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ in its NEWS.)
 
 ** Installing Emacs now installs the emacs-module.h file.
 The emacs-module.h file is now installed in the system-wide include
-directory as part of the Emacs installation.  This allows to build
+directory as part of the Emacs installation.  This allows building
 Emacs modules outside of the Emacs source tree.
 
 

etc/NEWS.29

@@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@ The intention is that this command can be used to access a wide
 variety of version control system-specific functionality from VC
 without complexifying either the VC command set or the backend API.
 
-*** 'C-x v v' in a diffs buffer allows to commit only some of the changes.
+*** 'C-x v v' in a diffs buffer allows committing only some of the changes.
 This command is intended to allow you to commit only some of the
 changes you have in your working tree.  Begin by creating a buffer
 with the changes against the last commit, e.g. with 'C-x v D'
@@ -3501,7 +3501,7 @@ The variables 'connection-local-profile-alist' and
 make it more convenient to inspect and modify them.
 
 *** New function 'connection-local-update-profile-variables'.
-This function allows to modify the settings of an existing
+This function allows modifying the settings of an existing
 connection-local profile.
 
 *** New macro 'with-connection-local-application-variables'.
@@ -4018,7 +4018,7 @@ measured will be counted for the purpose of calculating the text
 dimensions.
 
 ** 'window-text-pixel-size' understands a new meaning of FROM.
-Specifying a cons as the FROM argument allows to start measuring text
+Specifying a cons as the FROM argument allows measuring text starting
 from a specified amount of pixels above or below a position.
 
 ** 'window-body-width' and 'window-body-height' can use remapped faces.

etc/PROBLEMS

@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ On many systems, it is possible to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH in your
 environment to specify additional directories where shared libraries
 can be found.
 
-Other systems allow to set LD_RUN_PATH in a similar way, but before
+Other systems allow setting LD_RUN_PATH in a similar way, but before
 Emacs is linked.  With LD_RUN_PATH set, the linker will include a
 specified run-time search path in the executable.
 
@@ -2540,7 +2540,7 @@ keyboard; printing that file on a PostScript printer will show what
 keys can serve as Meta.
 
 The 'xkeycaps' also shows a visual representation of the current
-keyboard settings.  It also allows to modify them.
+keyboard settings.  It also allows modifying them.
 
 *** GNU/Linux: slow startup on Linux-based GNU systems.
 
@@ -2794,7 +2794,7 @@ one, you could use the following workarounds:
     directory to that new home directory.
   . Move all the *.eln files from ~/.emacs.d/eln-cache to a directory
     out of the C:\Users tree, and customize Emacs to use that
-    directory for *.eln files.  This requires to call the function
+    directory for *.eln files.  This requires calling the function
     startup-redirect-eln-cache in your init file, to force Emacs to
     write *.eln files compiled at run time to that directory.
   . Delete all *.eln files in your ~/.emacs.d/eln-cache directory, and

etc/TODO

@@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ Necessary for indirect buffers to work?
 
 *** Locating schemas
 
-**** Should 'rng-validate-mode' allow to specify a schema?
+**** Should 'rng-validate-mode' allow specifying a schema?
 Give the user an opportunity to specify a schema if there is currently
 none?  Or should it at least give a hint to the user how to specify a
 non-vacuous schema?

lisp/leim/quail/latin-pre.el

@@ -789,9 +789,9 @@ and Silesian (both Steuer and Ślabikŏrzowy szrajbōnek) scripts."
  ("'Z" ?Ź)
  (".z" ?ż)
  (".Z" ?Ż)
- ;; Explicit input of prefix characters. Normally, to input a prefix
+ ;; Explicit input of prefix characters.  Normally, to input a prefix
- ;; character itself, one needs to press <Tab>. Definitions below
+ ;; character itself, one needs to press <Tab>.  Definitions below
- ;; allow to input those characters by entering them twice.
+ ;; allow inputting those characters by entering them twice.
  ("//" ?/)
  ("\\\\" ?\\)
  ("~~" ?~)

lisp/net/tramp-sh.el

@@ -4431,7 +4431,7 @@ seconds.  If not, it produces an error message with the given ERROR-ARGS."
   "A function to be called with one argument, VEC.
 It should return a string which is used to check, whether the
 configuration of the remote host has been changed (which would
-require to flush the cache data).  This string is kept as
+require flushing the cache data).  This string is kept as
 connection property \"config-check-data\".
 This variable is intended as connection-local variable.")
 

lisp/org/ol.el

@@ -1803,7 +1803,7 @@ generate a description as described in `org-link-parameters'
 docstring.  Otherwise, if `org-link-make-description-function' is
 non-nil, this function will be called with the link target, and
 the result will be the default link description.  When called
-non-interactively, don't allow to edit the default description."
+non-interactively, don't allow editing the default description."
   (interactive "P")
   (let* ((wcf (current-window-configuration))
 	 (origbuf (current-buffer))
@@ -2042,7 +2042,7 @@ Also refresh fontification if needed."
   (interactive)
   (let ((old-regexp org-target-link-regexp)
 	;; Some languages, e.g., Chinese, do not use spaces to
-	;; separate words.  Also allow to surround radio targets with
+        ;; separate words.  Also allow surrounding radio targets with
 	;; line-breakable characters.
 	(before-re "\\(?:^\\|[^[:alnum:]]\\|\\c|\\)\\(")
 	(after-re "\\)\\(?:$\\|[^[:alnum:]]\\|\\c|\\)")

lisp/org/org-element.el

@@ -2968,7 +2968,7 @@ CONTENTS is verse block contents."
 ;; object types they can contain will be specified in
 ;; `org-element-object-restrictions'.
 ;;
-;; Creating a new type of object requires to alter
+;; Creating a new type of object requires altering
 ;; `org-element--object-regexp' and `org-element--object-lex', add the
 ;; new type in `org-element-all-objects', and possibly add
 ;; restrictions in `org-element-object-restrictions'.
@@ -3523,7 +3523,7 @@ Assume point is at the beginning of the link."
 	;;
 	;; Also treat any newline character and associated
 	;; indentation as a single space character.  This is not
-	;; compatible with RFC 3986, which requires to ignore
+        ;; compatible with RFC 3986, which requires ignoring
 	;; them altogether.  However, doing so would require
 	;; users to encode spaces on the fly when writing links
 	;; (e.g., insert [[shell:ls%20*.org]] instead of

lisp/org/org-table.el

@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ It is probably good to never set this variable to nil, for the sake of
 portability of tables."
   :group 'org-table-calculation
   :type '(choice
-	  (const :tag "Allow to cross" t)
+          (const :tag "Allow crossing hline" t)
 	  (const :tag "Stick to hline" nil)
 	  (const :tag "Error on attempt to cross" error)))
 
@@ -3900,7 +3900,7 @@ When non-nil, return the overlay narrowing the field."
     ;; Aligning table from the first row will not shrink again the
     ;; second row, which was not visible initially.
     ;;
-    ;; However, fixing it requires to check every row, which may be
+    ;; However, fixing it requires checking every row, which may be
     ;; slow on large tables.  Moreover, the hindrance of this
     ;; pathological case is very limited.
     (beginning-of-line)

lisp/org/org.el

@@ -13228,7 +13228,7 @@ Optional argument DEFAULT provides a default value for PROPERTY."
      nil nil nil nil default-prop)))
 
 (defun org-set-property-and-value (use-last)
-  "Allow to set [PROPERTY]: [value] direction from prompt.
+  "Allow setting [PROPERTY]: [value] direction from prompt.
 When use-default, don't even ask, just use the last
 \"[PROPERTY]: [value]\" string from the history."
   (interactive "P")
@@ -17655,8 +17655,8 @@ region."
 (defun org-open-line (n)
   "Insert a new row in tables, call `open-line' elsewhere.
 If `org-special-ctrl-o' is nil, just call `open-line' everywhere.
-As a special case, when a document starts with a table, allow to
+As a special case, when a document starts with a table, allow
-call `open-line' on the very first character."
+calling `open-line' on the very first character."
   (interactive "*p")
   (if (and org-special-ctrl-o (/= (point) 1) (org-at-table-p))
       (org-table-insert-row)

lisp/progmodes/flymake.el

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
 (require 'thingatpt) ; end-of-thing
 (require 'warnings) ; warning-numeric-level, display-warning
 (require 'compile) ; for some faces
-;; We need the next require to avoid compiler warnings and run-time
+;; We need the next `require' to avoid compiler warnings and run-time
 ;; errors about mouse-wheel-up/down-event in builds --without-x, where
 ;; mwheel is not preloaded.
 (require 'mwheel)

lisp/simple.el

@@ -4899,7 +4899,7 @@ appears at the end of the output.
 Optional fourth arg OUTPUT-BUFFER specifies where to put the
 command's output.  If the value is a buffer or buffer name,
 erase that buffer and insert the output there; a non-nil value of
-`shell-command-dont-erase-buffer' prevent to erase the buffer.
+`shell-command-dont-erase-buffer' prevents erasing the buffer.
 If the value is nil, use the buffer specified by `shell-command-buffer-name'.
 Any other non-nil value means to insert the output in the
 current buffer after START.
@@ -5146,7 +5146,7 @@ never with `setq'.")
 (defcustom process-file-return-signal-string nil
   "Whether to return a string describing the signal interrupting a process.
 When a process returns an exit code greater than 128, it is
-interpreted as a signal.  `process-file' requires to return a
+interpreted as a signal.  `process-file' requires returning a
 string describing this signal.
 Since there are processes violating this rule, returning exit
 codes greater than 128 which are not bound to a signal,

lisp/textmodes/enriched.el

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ them and their old values to `enriched-old-bindings'."
   :type 'hook)
 
 (defcustom enriched-allow-eval-in-display-props nil
-  "If non-nil allow to evaluate arbitrary forms in display properties.
+  "If non-nil, allow evaluating arbitrary forms in display properties.
 
 Enriched mode recognizes display properties of text stored using
 an extension command to the text/enriched format, \"x-display\".

lisp/window.el

@@ -8275,8 +8275,8 @@ This function tries to reuse or split a window such that the
 window produced this way is on the side of the reference window
 specified by the `direction' entry.
 
-Four special values for `direction' entries allow to implicitly
+Four special values for `direction' entries allow implicitly
-specify the selected frame's main window as reference window:
+specifying the selected frame's main window as reference window:
 `leftmost', `top', `rightmost' and `bottom'.  Hence, instead of
 `(direction . left) (window . main)' one can simply write
 `(direction . leftmost)'.

nt/inc/ms-w32.h

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ extern struct tm * sys_localtime (const time_t *);
 
 /* Unlike MS and mingw.org, MinGW64 doesn't define gai_strerror as an
    inline function in a system header file, and instead seems to
-   require to link against ws2_32.a.  But we don't want to link with
+   require linking against ws2_32.a.  But we don't want to link with
    -lws2_32, as that would make Emacs dependent on the respective DLL.
    So MinGW64 is amply punished here by the following:  */
 #undef HAVE_GAI_STRERROR

src/xdisp.c

@@ -19170,7 +19170,7 @@ try_cursor_movement (Lisp_Object window, struct text_pos startp,
       && !f->cursor_type_changed
       && NILP (Vshow_trailing_whitespace)
       /* When display-line-numbers is in relative mode, moving point
-	 requires to redraw the entire window.  */
+	 requires redrawing the entire window.  */
       && !EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qrelative)
       && !EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual)
       /* When the current line number should be displayed in a