build123d/docs/key_concepts_algebra.rst
2023-03-26 14:15:35 +02:00

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Build123d's algebra mode works on objects of the classes ``Shape``, ``Part``, ``Sketch`` and ``Curve`` and is based on two concepts:
1. **Object arithmetic**
2. **Placement arithmetic**
Object arithmetic
=====================
- Creating a box and a cylinder centered at ``(0, 0, 0)``
.. code-block:: python
b = Box(1, 2, 3)
c = Cylinder(0.2, 5)
- Fusing a box and a cylinder
.. code-block:: python
r = Box(1, 2, 3) + Cylinder(0.2, 5)
- Cutting a cylinder from a box
.. code-block:: python
r = Box(1, 2, 3) - Cylinder(0.2, 5)
- Intersecting a box and a cylinder
.. code-block:: python
r = Box(1, 2, 3) & Cylinder(0.2, 5)
**Notes:**
* `b`, `c` and `r` are instances of class ``Compound`` and can be viewed with every viewer that can show ``build123d.Compound`` objects.
* A discussion around performance can be found in :ref:`algebra_performance`.
* A mathematically formal definition of the algebra can be found in :ref:`algebra_definition`.
Placement arithmetic
=======================
A ``Part``, ``Sketch``or ``Curve`` does not have any location or rotation paramater.
The rationale is that an object defines its topology (shape, sizes and its center), but does not know
where in space it will be located. Instead, it will be relocated with the ``*`` operator onto a plane
and to location relative to the plane (similar ``moved``).
The generic forms of object placement are:
1. Placement on ``plane`` or at ``location`` relative to XY plane:
.. code-block:: python
plane * alg_compound
location * alg_compound
2. Placement on the ``plane`` and then moved relative to the ``plane`` by ``location``
(the location is relative to the local corrdinate system of the plane).
.. code-block:: python
plane * location * alg_compound
Details can be found in :ref:`location_arithmetics`.
Examples:
- Box on the ``XY`` plane, centered at `(0, 0, 0)` (both forms are equivalent):
.. code-block:: python
Plane.XY * Box(1, 2, 3)
Box(1, 2, 3)
Note: On the ``XY`` plane no placement is needed (mathematically ``Plane.XY *`` will not change the
location of an object).
- Box on the ``XY`` plane centered at `(0, 1, 0)` (all three are equivalent):
.. code-block:: python
Plane.XY * Pos(0, 1, 0) * Box(1, 2, 3)
Pos(0, 1, 0) * Box(1, 2, 3)
Pos(y=1) * Box(1, 2, 3)
Note: Again, ``Plane.XY`` can be omitted.
- Box on plane ``Plane.XZ``:
.. code-block:: python
Plane.XZ * Box(1, 2, 3)
- Box on plane ``Plane.XZ`` with a location ``(x=1, y=2, z=3)`` relative to the ``XZ`` plane, i.e.,
using the x-, y- and z-axis of the ``XZ`` plane:
.. code-block:: python
Plane.XZ * Pos(1, 2, 3) * Box(1, 2, 3)
- Box on plane ``Plane.XZ`` moved to ``(x=1, y=2, z=3)`` relative to this plane and rotated there
by the angles `(x=0, y=100, z=45)` around ``Plane.XZ`` axes:
.. code-block:: python
Plane.XZ * Pos(1, 2, 3) * Rot(0, 100, 45) * Box(1, 2, 3)
Location((1, 2, 3), (0, 100, 45)) * Box(1, 2, 3)
Note: ``Pos * Rot`` is the same as using ``Location`` directly
- Box on plane ``Plane.XZ`` rotated on this plane by the angles ``(x=0, y=100, z=45)`` (using the
x-, y- and z-axis of the ``XZ`` plane) and then moved to ``(x=1, y=2, z=3)`` relative to the ``XZ`` plane:
.. code-block:: python
Plane.XZ * Rot(0, 100, 45) * Pos(0,1,2) * Box(1, 2, 3)
Combing both concepts
==========================
**Object arithmetic** and **Placement at locations** can be combined:
.. code-block:: python
b = Plane.XZ * Rot(x=30) * Box(1, 2, 3) + Plane.YZ * Pos(x=-1) * Cylinder(0.2, 5)
**Note:** In Python ``*`` binds stronger then ``+``, ``-``, ``&``, hence brackets are not needed.