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109 lines
4.5 KiB
Python
109 lines
4.5 KiB
Python
"""
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A bicycle tire with tread.
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name: bicycle_tire.py
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by: Gumyr
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date: May 20, 2025
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desc:
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This example demonstrates how to model a realistic bicycle tire with a
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patterned tread using build123d. The key concept showcased here is the
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use of wrap_faces to project 2D planar geometry onto a curved 3D
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surface.
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The tire cross-section is defined using a series of Bezier curves and
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revolved to form the main tire body. A 2D tread pattern is created as a
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sketch on a plane and then wrapped onto the non-planar revolved surface
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using wrap_faces, following a path on the surface. The wrapped faces are
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then thickened into 3D solid nubs and copied around the tire using
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rotational placement.
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This technique is particularly useful for applying surface detail—such
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as grooves, logos, or textures—to curved or freeform geometries in a CAD
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model.
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Highlights:
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- Complex profile creation using multiple Bezier segments.
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- Surface wrapping of planar sketches using wrap_faces.
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- Solidification of surface features via thicken.
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- Circular duplication of solids using rotational transforms.
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license:
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Copyright 2025 Gumyr
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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"""
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# [Code]
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import copy
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from build123d import *
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from ocp_vscode import show
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wheel_diameter = 740 * MM
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with BuildSketch() as tire_profile:
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with BuildLine() as build_profile:
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l00 = Bezier((0.0, 0.0), (7.05, 0.0), (12.18, 1.54), (15.13, 4.54))
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l01 = Bezier(l00 @ 1, (15.81, 5.22), (15.98, 5.44), (16.5, 6.23))
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l02 = Bezier(l01 @ 1, (18.45, 9.19), (19.61, 13.84), (19.94, 20.06))
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l03 = Bezier(l02 @ 1, (20.1, 23.24), (19.93, 27.48), (19.56, 29.45))
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l04 = Bezier(l03 @ 1, (19.13, 31.69), (18.23, 33.67), (16.91, 35.32))
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l05 = Bezier(l04 @ 1, (16.26, 36.12), (15.57, 36.77), (14.48, 37.58))
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l06 = Bezier(l05 @ 1, (12.77, 38.85), (11.51, 40.28), (10.76, 41.78))
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l07 = Bezier(l06 @ 1, (10.07, 43.16), (10.15, 43.81), (11.03, 43.98))
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l08 = Bezier(l07 @ 1, (11.82, 44.13), (12.15, 44.55), (12.08, 45.33))
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l09 = Bezier(l08 @ 1, (12.01, 46.07), (11.84, 46.43), (11.43, 46.69))
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l10 = Bezier(l09 @ 1, (10.98, 46.97), (10.07, 46.7), (9.47, 46.1))
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l11 = Bezier(l10 @ 1, (9.03, 45.65), (8.88, 45.31), (8.84, 44.65))
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l12 = Bezier(l11 @ 1, (8.78, 43.6), (9.11, 42.26), (9.72, 41.0))
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l13 = Bezier(l12 @ 1, (10.43, 39.54), (11.52, 38.2), (12.78, 37.22))
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l14 = Bezier(l13 @ 1, (15.36, 35.23), (16.58, 33.76), (17.45, 31.62))
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l15 = Bezier(l14 @ 1, (17.91, 30.49), (18.22, 29.27), (18.4, 27.8))
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l16 = Bezier(l15 @ 1, (18.53, 26.78), (18.52, 23.69), (18.37, 22.61))
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l17 = Bezier(l16 @ 1, (17.8, 18.23), (16.15, 14.7), (13.39, 11.94))
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l18 = Bezier(l17 @ 1, (11.89, 10.45), (10.19, 9.31), (8.09, 8.41))
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l19 = Bezier(l18 @ 1, (3.32, 6.35), (0.0, 6.64))
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mirror(about=Plane.YZ)
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make_face()
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tire = revolve(Pos(Y=-wheel_diameter / 2) * tire_profile.face(), Axis.X)
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with BuildSketch() as tread_pattern:
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with Locations((1, 1)):
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Trapezoid(15, 12, 60, 120, align=Align.MIN)
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with Locations((1, 8)):
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with GridLocations(0, 5, 1, 2):
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Rectangle(50, 2, mode=Mode.SUBTRACT)
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# Define the surface and path that the tread pattern will be wrapped onto
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half_road_surface = Face.revolve(Pos(Y=-wheel_diameter / 2) * l00, 360, Axis.X)
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tread_path = half_road_surface.edges().sort_by(Axis.X)[0]
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# Wrap the planar tread pattern onto the tire's outside surface
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tread_faces = half_road_surface.wrap_faces(tread_pattern.faces(), tread_path)
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# Mirror the faces to the other half of the tire
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tread_faces.extend([mirror(t, Plane.YZ) for t in tread_faces])
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# Thicken the tread to become solid nubs
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# tread_prime = [Solid.thicken(f, 3 * MM) for f in tread_faces]
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tread_prime = [thicken(f, 3 * MM) for f in tread_faces]
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# Copy the nubs around the whole tire
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tread = [Rot(X=r) * copy.copy(t) for t in tread_prime for r in range(0, 360, 2)]
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show(tire, tread)
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# [End]
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