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55 lines
2.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
#################
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Surface Modeling
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#################
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Surface modeling refers to the direct creation and manipulation of the skin of a 3D
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object—its bounding faces—rather than starting from volumetric primitives or solid
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operations.
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Instead of defining a shape by extruding or revolving a 2D profile to fill a volume,
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surface modeling focuses on building the individual curved or planar faces that together
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define the outer boundary of a part. This approach allows for precise control of complex
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freeform geometry such as aerodynamic surfaces, boat hulls, or organic transitions that
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cannot easily be expressed with simple parametric solids.
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In build123d, as in other CAD kernels based on BREP (Boundary Representation) modeling,
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all solids are ultimately defined by their boundaries: a hierarchy of faces, edges, and
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vertices. Each face represents a finite patch of a geometric surface (plane, cylinder,
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Bézier patch, etc.) bounded by one or more edge loops or wires. When adjacent faces share
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edges consistently and close into a continuous boundary, they form a manifold
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:class:`~topology.Shell`—the watertight surface of a volume. If this shell is properly
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oriented and encloses a finite region of space, the model becomes a solid.
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Surface modeling therefore operates at the most fundamental level of BREP construction.
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Rather than relying on higher-level modeling operations to implicitly generate faces,
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it allows you to construct and connect those faces explicitly. This provides a path to
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build geometry that blends analytical and freeform shapes seamlessly, with full control
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over continuity, tangency, and curvature across boundaries.
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This section provides:
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- A concise overview of surface‑building tools in build123d
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- Hands‑on tutorials, from fundamentals to advanced techniques like Gordon surfaces
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.. rubric:: Available surface methods
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Methods on :class:`~topology.Face` for creating non‑planar surfaces:
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* :meth:`~topology.Face.make_bezier_surface`
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* :meth:`~topology.Face.make_gordon_surface`
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* :meth:`~topology.Face.make_surface`
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* :meth:`~topology.Face.make_surface_from_array_of_points`
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* :meth:`~topology.Face.make_surface_from_curves`
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* :meth:`~topology.Face.make_surface_patch`
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.. note::
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Surface modeling is an advanced technique. Robust results usually come from
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reusing the same :class:`~topology.Edge` objects across adjacent faces and
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ensuring the final :class:`~topology.Shell` is *water‑tight* or *manifold* (no gaps).
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 1
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tutorial_surface_heart_token.rst
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tutorial_spitfire_wing_gordon.rst
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