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Added Color.categorical_set that generates a creates a list of visually distinct colors
This commit is contained in:
gumyr
parent
f3b080e351
commit
4507d78fff
2 changed files with 296 additions and 89 deletions
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@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
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# other pylint warning to temp remove:
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# too-many-arguments, too-many-locals, too-many-public-methods,
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# too-many-statements, too-many-instance-attributes, too-many-branches
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import colorsys
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import copy as copy_module
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import itertools
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import json
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@ -1345,6 +1346,74 @@ class Color:
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"""Color repr"""
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return f"Color{str(tuple(self))}"
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@classmethod
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def categorical_set(
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cls,
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color_count: int,
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starting_hue: ColorLike | float = 0.0,
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alpha: float | Iterable[float] = 1.0,
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) -> list[Color]:
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"""Generate a palette of evenly spaced colors.
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Creates a list of visually distinct colors suitable for representing
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discrete categories (such as different parts, assemblies, or data
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series). Colors are evenly spaced around the hue circle and share
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consistent lightness and saturation levels, resulting in balanced
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perceptual contrast across all hues.
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Produces palettes similar in appearance to the **Tableau 10** and **D3
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Category10** color sets—both widely recognized standards in data
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visualization for their clarity and accessibility. These values have
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been empirically chosen to maintain consistent perceived brightness
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across hues while avoiding overly vivid or dark colors.
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Args:
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color_count (int): Number of colors to generate.
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starting_hue (ColorLike | float): Either a Color-like object or
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a hue value in the range [0.0, 1.0] that defines the starting color.
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alpha (float | Iterable[float]): Alpha value(s) for the colors. Can be a
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single float or an iterable of length `color_count`.
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Returns:
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list[Color]: List of generated colors.
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Raises:
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ValueError: If starting_hue is out of range or alpha length mismatch.
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"""
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# --- Determine starting hue ---
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if isinstance(starting_hue, float):
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if not (0.0 <= starting_hue <= 1.0):
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raise ValueError("Starting hue must be within range 0.0–1.0")
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elif isinstance(starting_hue, int):
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if starting_hue < 0:
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raise ValueError("Starting color integer must be non-negative")
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rgb = tuple(Color(starting_hue))[:3]
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starting_hue = colorsys.rgb_to_hls(*rgb)[0]
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else:
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raise TypeError(
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"Starting hue must be a float in [0,1] or an integer color literal"
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)
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# --- Normalize alpha values ---
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if isinstance(alpha, (float, int)):
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alphas = [float(alpha)] * color_count
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else:
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alphas = list(alpha)
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if len(alphas) != color_count:
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raise ValueError("Number of alpha values must match color_count")
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# --- Generate color list ---
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hues = np.linspace(
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starting_hue, starting_hue + 1.0, color_count, endpoint=False
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)
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colors = [
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cls(*colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h % 1.0, 0.55, 0.9), a)
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for h, a in zip(hues, alphas)
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]
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return colors
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@staticmethod
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def _rgb_from_int(triplet: int) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
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red, remainder = divmod(triplet, 256**2)
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@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ license:
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"""
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import colorsys
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import copy
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import math
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import numpy as np
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import pytest
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@ -36,129 +37,196 @@ from build123d.geometry import Color
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# Overloads
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("color, expected", [
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pytest.param(Color("blue"), (0, 0, 1, 1), id="name"),
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pytest.param(Color("blue", alpha=0.5), (0, 0, 1, 0.5), id="name + kw alpha"),
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pytest.param(Color("blue", 0.5), (0, 0, 1, 0.5), id="name + alpha"),
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])
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"color, expected",
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[
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pytest.param(Color("blue"), (0, 0, 1, 1), id="name"),
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pytest.param(Color("blue", alpha=0.5), (0, 0, 1, 0.5), id="name + kw alpha"),
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pytest.param(Color("blue", 0.5), (0, 0, 1, 0.5), id="name + alpha"),
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],
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)
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def test_overload_name(color, expected):
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np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(color), expected, 1e-5)
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("color, expected", [
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pytest.param(Color(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), (0, 1, 0, 1), id="rgb"),
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pytest.param(Color(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5), (1, 1, 0, 0.5), id="rgba"),
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pytest.param(Color(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, alpha=0.5), (1, 1, 0, 0.5), id="rgb + kw alpha"),
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pytest.param(Color(red=0.1, green=0.2, blue=0.3, alpha=0.5), (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5), id="kw rgba"),
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])
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"color, expected",
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[
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pytest.param(Color(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), (0, 1, 0, 1), id="rgb"),
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pytest.param(Color(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5), (1, 1, 0, 0.5), id="rgba"),
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pytest.param(
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Color(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, alpha=0.5), (1, 1, 0, 0.5), id="rgb + kw alpha"
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),
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pytest.param(
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Color(red=0.1, green=0.2, blue=0.3, alpha=0.5),
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(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5),
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id="kw rgba",
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),
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],
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)
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def test_overload_rgba(color, expected):
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np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(color), expected, 1e-5)
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("color, expected", [
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pytest.param(Color(0x996692), (0x99 / 0xFF, 0x66 / 0xFF, 0x92 / 0xFF, 1), id="color_code"),
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pytest.param(Color(0x006692, 0x80), (0, 0x66 / 0xFF, 0x92 / 0xFF, 0x80 / 0xFF), id="color_code + alpha"),
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pytest.param(Color(0x006692, alpha=0x80), (0, 102 / 255, 146 / 255, 128 / 255), id="color_code + kw alpha"),
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pytest.param(Color(color_code=0x996692, alpha=0xCC), (153 / 255, 102 / 255, 146 / 255, 204 / 255), id="kw color_code + alpha"),
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])
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"color, expected",
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[
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pytest.param(
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Color(0x996692), (0x99 / 0xFF, 0x66 / 0xFF, 0x92 / 0xFF, 1), id="color_code"
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),
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pytest.param(
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Color(0x006692, 0x80),
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(0, 0x66 / 0xFF, 0x92 / 0xFF, 0x80 / 0xFF),
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id="color_code + alpha",
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),
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pytest.param(
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Color(0x006692, alpha=0x80),
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(0, 102 / 255, 146 / 255, 128 / 255),
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id="color_code + kw alpha",
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),
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pytest.param(
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Color(color_code=0x996692, alpha=0xCC),
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(153 / 255, 102 / 255, 146 / 255, 204 / 255),
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id="kw color_code + alpha",
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),
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],
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)
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def test_overload_hex(color, expected):
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np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(color), expected, 1e-5)
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("color, expected", [
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pytest.param(Color((0.1,)), (0.1, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0), id="tuple r"),
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pytest.param(Color((0.1, 0.2)), (0.1, 0.2, 1.0, 1.0), id="tuple rg"),
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pytest.param(Color((0.1, 0.2, 0.3)), (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 1.0), id="tuple rgb"),
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pytest.param(Color((0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)), (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), id="tuple rbga"),
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pytest.param(Color((0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)), (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), id="kw tuple"),
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])
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"color, expected",
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[
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pytest.param(Color((0.1,)), (0.1, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0), id="tuple r"),
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pytest.param(Color((0.1, 0.2)), (0.1, 0.2, 1.0, 1.0), id="tuple rg"),
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pytest.param(Color((0.1, 0.2, 0.3)), (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 1.0), id="tuple rgb"),
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pytest.param(
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Color((0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)), (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), id="tuple rbga"
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),
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pytest.param(Color((0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)), (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), id="kw tuple"),
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],
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)
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def test_overload_tuple(color, expected):
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np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(color), expected, 1e-5)
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# ColorLikes
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("color_like", [
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pytest.param(Quantity_ColorRGBA(1, 0, 0, 1), id="Quantity_ColorRGBA"),
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pytest.param("red", id="name str"),
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pytest.param("red ", id="name str whitespace"),
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pytest.param(("red",), id="tuple name str"),
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pytest.param(("red", 1), id="tuple name str + alpha"),
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pytest.param("#ff0000", id="hex str rgb 24bit"),
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pytest.param(" #ff0000 ", id="hex str rgb 24bit whitespace"),
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pytest.param(("#ff0000",), id="tuple hex str rgb 24bit"),
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pytest.param(("#ff0000", 1), id="tuple hex str rgb 24bit + alpha"),
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pytest.param("#ff0000ff", id="hex str rgba 24bit"),
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pytest.param(" #ff0000ff ", id="hex str rgba 24bit whitespace"),
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pytest.param(("#ff0000ff",), id="tuple hex str rgba 24bit"),
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pytest.param(("#ff0000ff", .6), id="tuple hex str rgba 24bit + alpha (not used)"),
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pytest.param("#f00", id="hex str rgb 12bit"),
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pytest.param(" #f00 ", id="hex str rgb 12bit whitespace"),
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pytest.param(("#f00",), id="tuple hex str rgb 12bit"),
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pytest.param(("#f00", 1), id="tuple hex str rgb 12bit + alpha"),
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pytest.param("#f00f", id="hex str rgba 12bit"),
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pytest.param(" #f00f ", id="hex str rgba 12bit whitespace"),
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pytest.param(("#f00f",), id="tuple hex str rgba 12bit"),
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pytest.param(("#f00f", .6), id="tuple hex str rgba 12bit + alpha (not used)"),
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pytest.param(0xff0000, id="hex int"),
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pytest.param((0xff0000), id="tuple hex int"),
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pytest.param((0xff0000, 0xff), id="tuple hex int + alpha"),
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pytest.param((1, 0, 0), id="tuple rgb int"),
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pytest.param((1, 0, 0, 1), id="tuple rgba int"),
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pytest.param((1., 0., 0.), id="tuple rgb float"),
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pytest.param((1., 0., 0., 1.), id="tuple rgba float"),
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])
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"color_like",
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[
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pytest.param(Quantity_ColorRGBA(1, 0, 0, 1), id="Quantity_ColorRGBA"),
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pytest.param("red", id="name str"),
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pytest.param("red ", id="name str whitespace"),
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pytest.param(("red",), id="tuple name str"),
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pytest.param(("red", 1), id="tuple name str + alpha"),
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pytest.param("#ff0000", id="hex str rgb 24bit"),
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pytest.param(" #ff0000 ", id="hex str rgb 24bit whitespace"),
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pytest.param(("#ff0000",), id="tuple hex str rgb 24bit"),
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pytest.param(("#ff0000", 1), id="tuple hex str rgb 24bit + alpha"),
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pytest.param("#ff0000ff", id="hex str rgba 24bit"),
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pytest.param(" #ff0000ff ", id="hex str rgba 24bit whitespace"),
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pytest.param(("#ff0000ff",), id="tuple hex str rgba 24bit"),
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pytest.param(
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("#ff0000ff", 0.6), id="tuple hex str rgba 24bit + alpha (not used)"
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),
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pytest.param("#f00", id="hex str rgb 12bit"),
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pytest.param(" #f00 ", id="hex str rgb 12bit whitespace"),
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pytest.param(("#f00",), id="tuple hex str rgb 12bit"),
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pytest.param(("#f00", 1), id="tuple hex str rgb 12bit + alpha"),
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pytest.param("#f00f", id="hex str rgba 12bit"),
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pytest.param(" #f00f ", id="hex str rgba 12bit whitespace"),
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pytest.param(("#f00f",), id="tuple hex str rgba 12bit"),
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pytest.param(("#f00f", 0.6), id="tuple hex str rgba 12bit + alpha (not used)"),
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pytest.param(0xFF0000, id="hex int"),
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pytest.param((0xFF0000), id="tuple hex int"),
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pytest.param((0xFF0000, 0xFF), id="tuple hex int + alpha"),
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pytest.param((1, 0, 0), id="tuple rgb int"),
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pytest.param((1, 0, 0, 1), id="tuple rgba int"),
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pytest.param((1.0, 0.0, 0.0), id="tuple rgb float"),
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pytest.param((1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0), id="tuple rgba float"),
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],
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)
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def test_color_likes(color_like):
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expected = (1, 0, 0, 1)
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np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(Color(color_like)), expected, 1e-5)
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np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(Color(color_like=color_like)), expected, 1e-5)
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("color_like, expected", [
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pytest.param(Color(), (1, 1, 1, 1), id="empty Color()"),
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pytest.param(1., (1, 1, 1, 1), id="r float"),
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pytest.param((1.,), (1, 1, 1, 1), id="tuple r float"),
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pytest.param((1., 0.), (1, 0, 1, 1), id="tuple rg float"),
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])
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"color_like, expected",
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[
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pytest.param(Color(), (1, 1, 1, 1), id="empty Color()"),
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pytest.param(1.0, (1, 1, 1, 1), id="r float"),
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pytest.param((1.0,), (1, 1, 1, 1), id="tuple r float"),
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pytest.param((1.0, 0.0), (1, 0, 1, 1), id="tuple rg float"),
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],
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)
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def test_color_likes_incomplete(color_like, expected):
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np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(Color(color_like)), expected, 1e-5)
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np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(Color(color_like=color_like)), expected, 1e-5)
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("color_like", [
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pytest.param(Quantity_ColorRGBA(1, 0, 0, 0.6), id="Quantity_ColorRGBA"),
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pytest.param(("red", 0.6), id="tuple name str + alpha"),
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pytest.param(("#ff0000", 0.6), id="tuple hex str rgb 24bit + alpha"),
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pytest.param(("#ff000099"), id="tuple hex str rgba 24bit"),
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pytest.param(("#f00", 0.6), id="tuple hex str rgb 12bit + alpha"),
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pytest.param(("#f009"), id="tuple hex str rgba 12bit"),
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pytest.param((0xff0000, 153), id="tuple hex int + alpha int"),
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pytest.param((1., 0., 0., 0.6), id="tuple rbga float"),
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])
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"color_like",
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[
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pytest.param(Quantity_ColorRGBA(1, 0, 0, 0.6), id="Quantity_ColorRGBA"),
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pytest.param(("red", 0.6), id="tuple name str + alpha"),
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pytest.param(("#ff0000", 0.6), id="tuple hex str rgb 24bit + alpha"),
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pytest.param(("#ff000099"), id="tuple hex str rgba 24bit"),
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pytest.param(("#f00", 0.6), id="tuple hex str rgb 12bit + alpha"),
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pytest.param(("#f009"), id="tuple hex str rgba 12bit"),
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pytest.param((0xFF0000, 153), id="tuple hex int + alpha int"),
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pytest.param((1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.6), id="tuple rbga float"),
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],
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)
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def test_color_likes_alpha(color_like):
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expected = (1, 0, 0, 0.6)
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np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(Color(color_like)), expected, 1e-5)
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np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(Color(color_like=color_like)), expected, 1e-5)
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# Exceptions
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", [
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pytest.param("build123d", id="invalid color name"),
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pytest.param("#ffg", id="invalid rgb 12bit"),
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pytest.param("#fffg", id="invalid rgba 12bit"),
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pytest.param("#fffgg", id="invalid rgb 24bit"),
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pytest.param("#fff00gg", id="invalid rgba 24bit"),
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pytest.param("#ff", id="short rgb 12bit"),
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pytest.param("#fffff", id="short rgb 24bit"),
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pytest.param("#fffffff", id="short rgba 24bit"),
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pytest.param("#fffffffff", id="long rgba 24bit"),
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])
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"name",
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[
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pytest.param("build123d", id="invalid color name"),
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pytest.param("#ffg", id="invalid rgb 12bit"),
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pytest.param("#fffg", id="invalid rgba 12bit"),
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pytest.param("#fffgg", id="invalid rgb 24bit"),
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pytest.param("#fff00gg", id="invalid rgba 24bit"),
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pytest.param("#ff", id="short rgb 12bit"),
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pytest.param("#fffff", id="short rgb 24bit"),
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pytest.param("#fffffff", id="short rgba 24bit"),
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pytest.param("#fffffffff", id="long rgba 24bit"),
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],
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)
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def test_exceptions_color_name(name):
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with pytest.raises(Exception):
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Color(name)
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@pytest.mark.parametrize("color_type", [
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pytest.param((dict({"name": "red", "alpha": 1},)), id="dict arg"),
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pytest.param(("red", "blue"), id="str + str"),
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pytest.param((1., "blue"), id="float + str order"),
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pytest.param((1, "blue"), id="int + str order"),
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])
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@pytest.mark.parametrize(
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"color_type",
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[
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pytest.param(
|
||||
(
|
||||
dict(
|
||||
{"name": "red", "alpha": 1},
|
||||
)
|
||||
),
|
||||
id="dict arg",
|
||||
),
|
||||
pytest.param(("red", "blue"), id="str + str"),
|
||||
pytest.param((1.0, "blue"), id="float + str order"),
|
||||
pytest.param((1, "blue"), id="int + str order"),
|
||||
],
|
||||
)
|
||||
def test_exceptions_color_type(color_type):
|
||||
with pytest.raises(Exception):
|
||||
Color(*color_type)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Methods
|
||||
def test_rgba_wrapped():
|
||||
c = Color(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5)
|
||||
|
|
@ -167,17 +235,87 @@ def test_rgba_wrapped():
|
|||
assert c.wrapped.GetRGB().Blue() == 0.0
|
||||
assert c.wrapped.Alpha() == 0.5
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_copy():
|
||||
c = Color(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, alpha=0.4)
|
||||
c_copy = copy.copy(c)
|
||||
np.testing.assert_allclose(tuple(c_copy), (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), rtol=1e-5)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_str_repr_is():
|
||||
c = Color(1, 0, 0)
|
||||
assert str(c) == "Color: (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) is 'RED'"
|
||||
assert repr(c) == "Color(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_str_repr_near():
|
||||
c = Color(1, 0.5, 0)
|
||||
assert str(c) == "Color: (1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0) near 'DARKGOLDENROD1'"
|
||||
assert repr(c) == "Color(1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0)"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class TestColorCategoricalSet:
|
||||
def test_returns_expected_number_of_colors(self):
|
||||
colors = Color.categorical_set(5)
|
||||
assert len(colors) == 5
|
||||
assert all(isinstance(c, Color) for c in colors)
|
||||
|
||||
def test_colors_are_evenly_spaced_in_hue(self):
|
||||
count = 8
|
||||
colors = Color.categorical_set(count)
|
||||
hues = [colorsys.rgb_to_hls(*tuple(c)[:3])[0] for c in colors]
|
||||
diffs = [(hues[(i + 1) % count] - hues[i]) % 1.0 for i in range(count)]
|
||||
avg_diff = sum(diffs) / len(diffs)
|
||||
assert all(math.isclose(d, avg_diff, rel_tol=1e-2) for d in diffs)
|
||||
|
||||
def test_starting_hue_as_float(self):
|
||||
(r, g, b, _) = tuple(Color.categorical_set(1, starting_hue=0.25)[0])
|
||||
h = colorsys.rgb_to_hls(r, g, b)[0]
|
||||
assert math.isclose(h, 0.25, rel_tol=0.05)
|
||||
|
||||
def test_starting_hue_as_int_hex(self):
|
||||
# Blue (0x0000FF) should be valid and return a Color
|
||||
c = Color.categorical_set(1, starting_hue=0x0000FF)[0]
|
||||
assert isinstance(c, Color)
|
||||
|
||||
def test_starting_hue_invalid_type(self):
|
||||
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
|
||||
Color.categorical_set(3, starting_hue="invalid")
|
||||
|
||||
def test_starting_hue_out_of_range(self):
|
||||
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
|
||||
Color.categorical_set(3, starting_hue=1.5)
|
||||
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
|
||||
Color.categorical_set(3, starting_hue=-0.1)
|
||||
|
||||
def test_starting_hue_negative_int(self):
|
||||
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
|
||||
Color.categorical_set(3, starting_hue=-1)
|
||||
|
||||
def test_constant_alpha_applied(self):
|
||||
colors = Color.categorical_set(3, alpha=0.7)
|
||||
for c in colors:
|
||||
(_, _, _, a) = tuple(c)
|
||||
assert math.isclose(a, 0.7, rel_tol=1e-6)
|
||||
|
||||
def test_iterable_alpha_applied(self):
|
||||
alphas = (0.1, 0.5, 0.9)
|
||||
colors = Color.categorical_set(3, alpha=alphas)
|
||||
for a, c in zip(alphas, colors):
|
||||
(_, _, _, returned_alpha) = tuple(c)
|
||||
assert math.isclose(a, returned_alpha, rel_tol=1e-6)
|
||||
|
||||
def test_iterable_alpha_length_mismatch(self):
|
||||
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
|
||||
Color.categorical_set(4, alpha=[0.5, 0.7])
|
||||
|
||||
def test_hues_wrap_around(self):
|
||||
colors = Color.categorical_set(10, starting_hue=0.95)
|
||||
hues = [colorsys.rgb_to_hls(*tuple(c)[:3])[0] for c in colors]
|
||||
assert all(0.0 <= h <= 1.0 for h in hues)
|
||||
|
||||
def test_alpha_defaults_to_one(self):
|
||||
colors = Color.categorical_set(4)
|
||||
for c in colors:
|
||||
(_, _, _, a) = tuple(c)
|
||||
assert math.isclose(a, 1.0, rel_tol=1e-6)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue